Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Viral Protein Kinase Augments Cell Survival
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1010826 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR25820265_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25820265_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25820266_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25820266_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25820267_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) and isassociated with primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD) and two inflammatory diseases. KSHV-associated cancers are primarily associated with genes expressed during latency, while other pathologies are associated with lytic gene expression. The major lytic switch of the virus, RTA, interacts with cellular machinery to co-opt the host ubiquitin proteasome system to evade the immune response as well as activate the program of lytic replication. Through SILAC labeling, ubiquitin remnant enrichment and mass spectrometry, we have analyzed the RTA dependent ubiquitin-modified proteome. We identified RTA dependent changes in the populations of polyubiquitin chains, as well as changes in ubiquitinated proteins in both cells expressing RTA and naturally infected cells following lytic reactivation. We observed an enrichment of proteins that are also reported to be SUMOylated, suggesting that RTA, a SUMO targeting ubiquitin ligase, may function to alleviate a SUMO dependent block to lytic reactivation. RTA targeted substrates directly through a ubiquitin ligase domain dependent mechanism as well as indirectly through cellular ubiquitin ligases, including RAUL. Our ubiquitome analysis revealed an RTA dependent mechanism of immune evasion. We provide evidence of inhibition of TAP dependent peptide transport, resulting in decreased HLA complex stability. The results of this analysis increase our understanding of mechanisms governing the latent to lytic transition in addition to the identification of a novel RTA dependent mechanism of immune evasion.Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) and is associated with primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD) and two inflammatory diseases. KSHV-associated cancers are primarily associated with genes expressed during latency, while other pathologies are associated with lytic gene expression. The major lytic switch of the virus, RTA, interacts with cellular machinery to co-opt the host ubiquitin proteasome system to evade the immune response as well as activate the program of lytic replication. Through SILAC labeling, ubiquitin remnant enrichment and mass spectrometry, we have analyzed the RTA dependent ubiquitin-modified proteome. We identified RTA dependent changes in the populations of polyubiquitin chains, as well as changes in ubiquitinated proteins in both cells expressing RTA and naturally infected cells following lytic reactivation. We observed an enrichment of proteins that are also reported to be SUMOylated, suggesting that RTA, a SUMO targeting ubiquitin ligase, may function to alleviate a SUMO dependent block to lytic reactivation. RTA targeted substrates directly through a ubiquitin ligase domain dependent mechanism as well as indirectly through cellular ubiquitin ligases, including RAUL. Our ubiquitome analysis revealed an RTA dependent mechanism of immune evasion. We provide evidence of inhibition of TAP dependent peptide transport, resulting in decreased HLA complex stability. The results of this analysis increase our understanding of mechanisms governing the latent to lytic transition in addition to the identification of a novel RTA dependent mechanism of immune evasion.
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Project description:Lytic replication is essential for persistent infection of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and the pathogenesis of related diseases, and many cellular pathways are hijacked by KSHV proteins to initiate and control the lytic replication of this virus. However, the machinery involved in KSHV lytic replication from the early to the late phases remains largely undetermined. We previously revealed that KSHV ORF45 plays important roles in late transcription and translation. In the present study, we reveal that the Forkhead box proteins FoxK1 and FoxK2 are ORF45-binding proteins and are essential for KSHV lytic gene expression and virion production and that depletion of FoxK1 or FoxK2 significantly suppresses the expression of many late viral genes. FoxK1 and FoxK2 directly bind to the promoters of several late viral genes, ORF45 augments the promoter binding and transcriptional activity of FoxK1 and FoxK2, and then FoxK1 or FoxK2 cooperates with ORF45 to promote late viral gene expression. Our findings suggest that ORF45 interacts with FoxK1 and FoxK2 and promotes their occupancy on a cluster of late viral promoters and their subsequent transcriptional activity; consequently FoxK1 and FoxK2 promote late gene expression to facilitate KSHV lytic replication.
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Project description:Historically, ribosomes have been viewed as unchanged homogeneous macromolecular machines with no intrinsic regulatory capacity for mRNA translation. However, an emerging concept is that heterogeneity of ribosomal composition exists, which can exert a regulatory function or specificity in translational control. This is supported by recent discoveries identifying compositionally distinct ‘specialised ribosomes’ that actively regulate mRNA translation. Viruses lack their own translational machinery and impose a high translational demand on the host cell during replication. Here we explore the possibility that Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) can manipulate host ribosome biogenesis during infection to produce specialised ribosomes which preferentially translate viral transcripts. Quantitative proteomic analysis has identified changes in the stoichiometry and composition of precursor ribosomal complexes during the switch from latent to lytic KSHV replication. Intriguingly, we demonstrate the enhanced association of ribosomal biogenesis factors BUD23 and NOC4L, and a previously uncharacterised KSHV lytic protein, ORF11, with small ribosomal subunit precursor complexes during lytic KSHV infection. Notably, BUD23 depletion resulted in significantly reduced viral gene expression and progression through the lytic cascade, culminating in a dramatic reduction of infectious virion production. Importantly, ribosome profiling demonstrated that BUD23 is essential for the reduced association of ribosomes with KSHV uORFs in late lytic genes, required for the efficient translation of the main open reading frame. Together our results provide new mechanistic insights into KSHV-mediated manipulation of cellular ribosome composition inducing a population of specialised ribosomes to facilitate efficient translation of viral mRNAs.
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Project description:Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induces specialized ribosomes to efficiently translate viral lytic mRNAs
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Project description:Historically, ribosomes have been viewed as unchanged homogeneous macromolecular machines with no intrinsic regulatory capacity for mRNA translation. However, an emerging concept is that heterogeneity of ribosomal composition exists, which can exert a regulatory function or specificity in translational control. This is supported by recent discoveries identifying compositionally distinct ‘specialised ribosomes’ that actively regulate mRNA translation. Viruses lack their own translational machinery and impose a high translational demand on the host cell during replication. Here we explore the possibility that Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) can manipulate host ribosome biogenesis during infection to produce specialised ribosomes which preferentially translate viral transcripts. Quantitative proteomic analysis has identified changes in the stoichiometry and composition of precursor ribosomal complexes during the switch from latent to lytic KSHV replication. Intriguingly, we demonstrate the enhanced association of ribosomal biogenesis factors BUD23 and NOC4L, and a previously uncharacterised KSHV lytic protein, ORF11, with small ribosomal subunit precursor complexes during lytic KSHV infection. Notably, BUD23 depletion resulted in significantly reduced viral gene expression and progression through the lytic cascade, culminating in a dramatic reduction of infectious virion production. Importantly, ribosome profiling demonstrated that BUD23 is essential for the reduced association of ribosomes with KSHV uORFs in late lytic genes, required for the efficient translation of the main open reading frame. Together our results provide new mechanistic insights into KSHV-mediated manipulation of cellular ribosome composition inducing a population of specialised ribosomes to facilitate efficient translation of viral mRNAs.
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