Project description:Morchella sextelata, recognized for its medicinal properties and distinctive taste, is a highly valued edible mushroom. Despite its commercial importance, the mushroom's susceptibility to environmental factors and its reactions to herbicides commonly used in cultivation have not been extensively studied. This research aimed to explore how four prevalent herbicides—Trifluralin, Pendimethalin, S-metolachlor, and Acetochlor—affect the mycelial growth of Morchella sextelata. The study involved cultivating the mycelium in a Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium with concentrations of herbicides at ten times the standard application rate, followed by measuring the degree of mycelial growth inhibition. Employing transcriptomic analysis, RNA sequencing was conducted on the mycelium exposed to the herbicides. The subsequent transcriptome profiling indicated that the application of these herbicides impacted various biological pathways within Morchella sextelata, with a notable influence on glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the glyoxylate cycle, which are crucial for energy production and metabolic processes. While Trifluralin and Pendimethalin demonstrated a less pronounced negative impact on mycelial growth, the study concluded that all tested herbicides were detrimental to Morchella sextelata. It is thus recommended that, in agricultural practice, the use of herbicides be approached with caution, and that application rates be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the healthy cultivation of Morchella sextelata and minimize potential pesticide residue issues.
Project description:Morels (Morchella spp.) are highly valued edible fungi, but their cultivation remains largely dependent on seasonal field conditions. In this study, we established a stable off-season industrial cultivation system for Morchella eximia G10 through precise envi-ronmental regulation, including substrate and ambient temperature, humidity, and ir-rigation management. Based on this controllable cultivation platform, integrated tran-scriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to investigate developmental regulation during fruiting body formation. Transcriptomic analyses across multiple developmental stages revealed extensive transcriptional reprograming during the transition from vegetative mycelia to reproductive development. Low-temperature stimulation activated pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism, stress response, and cell wall remodeling, while suppressing oxidative metabolism. Primordium initia-tion represented the most dynamic developmental transition and involved strong acti-vation of transcriptional regulation, cytoskeletal organization, and signal transduction pathways. In addition, distinct developmental trajectories were observed between pileus and stipe tissues, indicating tissue-specific regulatory programs during fruiting body maturation. Untargeted metabolomic profiling identified 3,390 metabolites, substantially expanding the currently available metabolomic resources for Morchella. Metabolomic analyses revealed clear tissue- and stage-specific metabolic patterns. The pileus was characterized by progressive activation of amino acid metabolism, central carbon me-tabolism, and secondary metabolism during maturation, whereas the stipe showed metabolic features associated with energy supply, nutrient transport, and structural maintenance. Together, these results demonstrate that environmental regulation under industrial cultivation conditions drives coordinated transcriptional and metabolic re-programming during Morchella reproductive development. This study provides new insights into the developmental biology of Morchella and offers a molecular basis for optimizing off-season industrial cultivation.
Project description:Five different morchella species' (m2-m6) genomes sequencing. Study of genes' diversities for Morchella species. Genome sequencing and assembly