Project description:A special immune system exists at distinct respiratory epithelium to combat invasion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). This study aimes to determine if interleukin-17C (IL-17C) is correlated with acute PAO1 infection in human nasal epithelium and to prove the role of IL-17C on iron sequestration during PAO1 infection. IL-17C has antipseudomonal effect by lowering iron sequestration and reducing siderophore activity. IL-17C could be efficient mediator to control PAO1 infection in human nasal epithelium.
Project description:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common nosocomial pathogen which produces siderophores to solubilize and transport chelated Fe3+ to aid its survival in both the environment and the host. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying siderophore synthesis, uptake, and regulation within various ecological niches. In this study, we demonstrated that the BfmRS two-component system, part of the core genome of P. aeruginosa, plays a crucial role in siderophore metabolism. We have identified BfmS as an osmosensing histidine kinase that responds to external osmolytes, then modulates the activation of the response regulator BfmR. Under high osmolality, BfmR could directly bind to the promoters of pvd, fpv, and femARI gene clusters, thereby enhancing their expression and promoting siderophore metabolism. The proteomic and phenotypic analyses confirmed that deletion of bfmRS results in reduced expression levels of siderophore-related proteins as well as siderophore production. Importantly, loss of bfmR or bfmS significantly impaired bacterial survival in both iron deficiency medium and mouse lung infection models. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that BfmRS is highly conserved and widely distributed across Pseudomonas species, evidences also proved that the BfmR of P. putida KT2440 and P. sp. MRSN12121 activated siderophore genes in response to high osmolality. Overall, this study sheds light on the previously unexplored signal transduction pathway, BfmRS, which governs the siderophore regulation in Pseudomonas species through perceiving an osmotic upshift. Considering that siderophores serve as unique social mediators, our findings contribute to a better understanding of how siderophores facilitate bacterial interactions with their eukaryotic hosts and contribute to the establishment of stable communities.
Project description:Cis-encoded antisense RNAs (asRNAs) are widespread along bacterial transcriptomes. However, the role of the vast majority of these RNAs remains unknown, and there is an ongoing discussion as to what extent these transcripts are the result of transcriptional noise. We show, by comparative transcriptomics of 20 bacterial species and one chloroplast, that the number of asRNAs is exponentially dependent on the genomic AT content, and that expression of asRNA at low levels exerts little impact in terms of energy consumption. A transcription model simulating mRNA and asRNA production indicates that the asRNA regulatory effect is only observed above certain expression thresholds, substantially higher than physiological transcript levels. These predictions were verified experimentally by overexpressing 9 different asRNAs in M. pneumoniae. Our results suggest that most of the antisense transcripts found in bacteria are the consequence of transcriptional noise, arising at spurious promoters throughout the genome.
Project description:Competition for limited iron resources is a key driver of microbial community structure in many regions of the surface ocean. The bacterial siderophores ferrioxamine and amphibactin have been identified in marine surface waters, suggesting that they may represent an important bacterial strategy for obtaining iron from a scarcely populated pool. We screened several strains of marine Vibrio for the presence of putative amphibactin biosynthesis gene homologues and amphibactin production. Whole cell proteomics, siderophore isolation, and isotopically labeled iron uptake experiments were performed. Here, we show that an amphibactin-producing marine bacterium, Vibrio cyclitrophicus str. 1F-53, harbors an independently regulated uptake pathway for ferrioxamines. Proteomic analyses identified upregulation of the amphibactin NRPS system and a putative amphibactin siderophore transporter in response to low iron concentrations. In addition, multiple other transporters were upregulated, however when desferrioxamine was present, amphibactin production decreased and the ferrioxamine receptor increased in abundance. Such cheating phenotypes, which appear widespread among marine amphibactin producers, highlight the strategies that contribute to the fitness of marine bacteria in the face of iron stress. These results demonstrate siderophore producer and cheater phenotypes and highlight the cellular restructuring which is involved due to competition for iron, that shapes the community structure of marine ecosystems.
Project description:Pseudomonas and other environmental microorganisms have been proven capable of synthesizing siderophores, which are instrumental in the removal of iron and other metal ions from a variety of waste materials. We have elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which the BfmRS two-component system (TCS) mediates environmental stress signals to regulate siderophore production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we further confirm the pivotal role of the BfmRS system in bacterial iron metabolism, demonstrating its regulatory influence on key genes involved in siderophore synthesis. Moreover, overexpression of BfmR led to a marked increase in mRNA levels of siderophore-related genes, with a 2.4- to 6.7-fold elevation, which in turn significantly enhanced siderophore production and consequently improved iron utilization efficiency when compared to the wild type (WT). The heightened efficiency of the genetically modified strain to extract iron from coal fly ash (CFA) suggests the feasibility of engineered bacterial system in bioremediation. This work not only validate the intricate TCSs involved in siderophore regulation within P. aeruginosa, but also provides a compelling strategy in heavy metal recovery and hazardous waste detoxification.
Project description:The siderophore production of Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2 was investigated with special regards to the effects of rare earth metals on siderophore production.
Project description:The siderophore production of Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2 was investigated with special regards to the effects of rare earth metals on siderophore production.
Project description:The human gut acts as the main reservoir of microbes and a relevant source of life-threatening infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. There, the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans adapts to the host environment and additionally interacts with residing bacteria. We investigated fungal-bacterial interactions by coinfecting enterocytes with the yeast Candida albicans and the Gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis resulting in enhanced host cell damage. This synergistic effect was conserved across different P. mirabilis isolates and occurred also with non-albicans Candida species and C. albicans mutants defective in filamentation or candidalysin production. Using bacterial deletion mutants, we identified the P. mirabilis hemolysin HpmA to be the key effector for host cell destruction. Spatially separated coinfections demonstrated that synergism between Candida and Proteus is induced by contact, but also by soluble factors. Specifically, we identified Candida-mediated glucose consumption and farnesol production as potential triggers for Proteus virulence. In summary, our study demonstrates that coinfection of enterocytes with C. albicans and P. mirabilis can result in increased host cell damage which is mediated by bacterial virulence factors as a result of fungal niche modification via nutrient consumption and production of soluble factors. This supports the notion that certain fungal-bacterial combinations have the potential to result in enhanced virulence in niches such as the gut and might therefore promote translocation and dissemination.