Adult sex change leads to extensive forebrain reorganization in clownfish
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1034516 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR26626000.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26626001.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26626002.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26626003.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26626004.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Sexual differentiation of the brain occurs in all major vertebrate lineages but is not well understood at a molecular and cellular level. Unlike most vertebrates, sex-changing fishes have the remarkable ability to change reproductive sex during adulthood in response to social stimuli, offering a unique opportunity to understand mechanisms by which the nervous system can initiate and coordinate sexual differentiation. This study explores sexual differentiation of the forebrain using single nucleus RNA-sequencing in the anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris, producing the first cellular atlas of a sex-changing brain. We uncover extensive sex differences in cell type-specific gene expression, relative proportions of cells, baseline neuronal excitation, and predicted inter-neuronal communication. Additionally, we identify the cholecystokinin, galanin, and estrogen systems as central molecular axes of sexual differentiation. Supported by these findings, we propose a model of neurosexual differentiation in the conserved vertebrate social decision-making network spanning multiple subtypes of neurons and glia, including neuronal subpopulations within the preoptic area that are positioned to regulate gonadal differentiation. This work deepens our understanding of sexual differentiation in the vertebrate brain and defines a rich suite of molecular and cellular pathways that differentiate during adult sex change in anemonefish.
| S-EPMC10862741 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sex differences in the brain have been demonstrated in all major vertebrate lineages but are not well understood at a molecular and cellular level. Sex-changing fishes provide a unique opportunity to uncover mechanisms underlying sexual differentiation of the brain and regulation of sexual phenotypes. Sex change requires the complete transformation of the gonads and behaviors, which in turn require transformation of sexually-differentiated control mechanisms in the brain. However, detailed molecular and cellular profiling of sex differences in the brains of sex-changing fish is lacking. In this study we applied single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to generate the first atlas of sex differences in preoptic area (POA) and telencephalon of the model anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris. We uncovered remarkably widespread sex differences in cell-type abundance and cell-type transcriptome. The most prominent difference was observed in the dorsal medial telencephalon where females displayed more than twice as many glutamatergic neurons as males and more than 400 differentially expressed genes consistent with immature neuronal development in males relative to females. These results provide an unparalleled level of depth to our understanding of sexual differentiation in the brain of a sex-changing fish, and richly characterizes numerous specific sexual dimorphisms that must develop during sex change.
2024-08-16 | GSE246731 | GEO
Project description:MPI effects on clownfish larvae
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Project description:T3 effects on clownfish larvae
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Project description:We have generated transgenic mice with tetracycline-regulated conditional expression of a constitutively active allele of FoxO3 under the control of the forebrain-specific CaMKIIa promoter. In adult animals, there was a reduction of brain weight by 30% and an almost complete loss of the dorsal dentate gyrus with normal cortical layering. Interestingly, the adult mice showed motor hyperactivity and a selective loss of long-term memory with normal spatial learning. We observed enhanced apoptosis starting from day E10.5. Performing microarray expression analyses and Q-PCR validation with E12.5 forebrain RNA, we observed an over-representation of thalamic markers and an under-representation of cortical markers in transgenic as compared to control animals. Immunohistochemical data show a loss of progenitors in the lateral ventricles. Up-regulation of Pik3ip1 as a target gene of FoxO3 could be responsible for the observed increase in apoptosis. The obtained forebrain expression signature is reminiscent of a Pax6 knockdown phenotype showing that expression of this FoxO3 allele during development affected neural progenitor survival and overall brain development. Conclusion: Neural progenitors are vulnerable to constitutively active FoxO3-induced apoptosis. We sought to determine the transcriptional differences in forebrains from E12.5 mice expressing a constitutively active alleleof FoxO3 under the control of the forebrain-specific CaMKIIa promoter. To this end two time-pregnant dams were sacrificed 12 days after the vaginal plug was detected, and the embryos were prepared. Visual staging of the embryos confirmed their age. Genotyping and luciferase measurements were performed in order to assess presence and acitivity of the transgenes.
2012-09-13 | E-GEOD-21089 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Acquiring correct brain anatomy and function requires extensive morphogenesis and patterning, which is regulated by a complex gradient of transcription factors. Members of the PR domain containing (PRDM) chromatin-modulating family of transcriptional regulators function in neuronal specification and brain patterning. Little is known about the function of PRDM15, even though it is predicted to have a role in the development of the central nervous system, and lies in the Down syndrome trisomy region of HSA21 and MMU16. Here, we show that PRDM15 is required for forebrain development and repression of hindbrain gene expression. The phenotype of Prdm15 mutants mimics that of Otx2 loss. Using RNA sequencing, we found that a PRDM15 dependent molecular pathway, which includes many homeodomain factors that pattern the forebrain, including OTX2 and PAX6, is disrupted in Prdm15 mutants. Consistent with the role of OTX2 as a master regulator of forebrain development, which represses rostral expansion of the hindbrain to maintain the brain rostro-caudal axis, conditionally inactivating PRDM15 in the forebrain also truncates the forebrain and disrupts the brain rostro-caudal axis. PRDM15 co-expresses with OTX2 in cells of the primordial anterior forebrain, a region where OTX2 is known to function, and PRDM15 binds to the Otx2 promoter, suggesting it may directly impact Otx2 expression. These findings place PRDM15 in the forebrain transcriptional hierarchy for the first time, revealing that PRDM15 is a candidate for pathogenesis in Down syndrome or other neurodevelopmental disorders.
2020-08-06 | GSE97208 | GEO
Project description:SR9243 (LXR antagonist) and T3 effects on clownfish larvae
| PRJNA971735 | ENA
Project description:We have generated transgenic mice with tetracycline-regulated conditional expression of a constitutively active allele of FoxO3 under the control of the forebrain-specific CaMKIIa promoter. In adult animals, there was a reduction of brain weight by 30% and an almost complete loss of the dorsal dentate gyrus with normal cortical layering. Interestingly, the adult mice showed motor hyperactivity and a selective loss of long-term memory with normal spatial learning. We observed enhanced apoptosis starting from day E10.5. Performing microarray expression analyses and Q-PCR validation with E12.5 forebrain RNA, we observed an over-representation of thalamic markers and an under-representation of cortical markers in transgenic as compared to control animals. Immunohistochemical data show a loss of progenitors in the lateral ventricles. Up-regulation of Pik3ip1 as a target gene of FoxO3 could be responsible for the observed increase in apoptosis. The obtained forebrain expression signature is reminiscent of a Pax6 knockdown phenotype showing that expression of this FoxO3 allele during development affected neural progenitor survival and overall brain development. Conclusion: Neural progenitors are vulnerable to constitutively active FoxO3-induced apoptosis.
2012-09-13 | GSE21089 | GEO
Project description:Sequential hermaphroditism is a unique reproductive strategy among teleosts that is displayed mainly in fish species living in the coral reef environment. The reproductive biology of hermaphrodites has long been intriguing; however, very little is known about the molecular pathways underlying their sex change. Here, we provide the first de novo transcriptome analyses of a hermaphrodite teleost´s undergoing sex change in its natural environment. Our study has examined relative gene expression across multiple groups-rather than just two contrasting conditions- and has allowed us to explore the differential expression patterns throughout the whole process. Our analysis has highlighted the rapid and complex genomic response of the brain associated with sex change, which is subsequently transmitted to the gonads, identifying a large number of candidate genes, some well-known and some novel, involved in the process. The present study provides strong evidence of the importance of the sex steroidogenic machinery during sex change in clownfish, with the aromatase gene playing a central role, both in the brain and the gonad. This work constitutes the first genome-wide study in a social sex-changing species and provides insights into the genetic mechanism governing social sex change and gonadal restructuring in protandrous hermaphrodites.
| S-EPMC5066260 | biostudies-literature
Project description:microRNA counts from forebrain (ENCSR184PQQ)
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