Project description:Investigation of whole genome gene expression level changes in a resistance susceptible and LeHT1-silenced resistance tomato plants, infected with TYLCV and compared to the non infected control. Two inbred tomato lines (named R and S) were used issued from a breeding program describe by Vidavsky and Czosnek, 1998, and Silencing of the hexose transporter gene LeHT1 and the properties of these plants have been described by Eybishtz et al., 2010. The array was designed to include all the known tomato genes retrieved from TIGR and Sol Genomics public databases. Following filtration for redundancies, 25,591 known genes and 7,335 uncertain or unknown genes were retrieved The data were transferred to Roche NimblGen company (http://www.nimblegen.com/) who has generated a 60-mer oligonucleotide array where each of the ~30,000 tomato genes is represented by at least two specific probes, and unrelated controls. Each slide contains four arrays of ~70,000 oligos. TYLCV resistant and susceptible lines infection with TYLCV and LeHT1 silenced TYLCV resistant line infected with TYLCV
Project description:The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 is a devastating vector capable of transmitting hundreds of plant viruses, including Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), to important food and fiber crops. Here we performed genome-wide profiling of micro RNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in whiteflies after feeding on TYLCV-infected tomato or uninfected tomato for 24, 48 and 72 h. Overall, 160 miRNAs were discovered, 68 of which were conserved and 92 were B. tabaci-specific miRNAs. Majority of the genes that were predicted to be targeted by miRNAs had gene ontologies related to metabolic processes. We identified two miRNAs that were differentially expressed in whiteflies when fed on TYLCV-infected tomato compared to whiteflies that fed on uninfected tomato. The identified piRNAs were expressed as clusters throughout the whitefly genome. A total of 53 piRNA clusters were expressed across all time points and treatments, while 5 piRNA clusters were exclusively expressed in whiteflies that fed on TYLCV-infected tomato, and 24 clusters were exclusively expressed in whiteflies that fed on uninfected tomato. Approximately 62% of all identified piRNAs were derived from non-coding sequences that included intergenic regions, introns, and UTRs with unknown functions. The remaining 38% of piRNAs were derived from coding sequences (CDS) and repeat elements. Transposable elements targeted by piRNA clusters included both class I retrotransposons such as Gypsy, Copia, and LINEs and class II DNA transposons such as MITE, hAT, and TcMar. Lastly, six protein coding genes were targeted in whiteflies that fed on TYLCV-infected tomato. Information on how TYLCV influences miRNA and piRNA expression in whiteflies provides a greater understanding of regulatory pathways involved in mediating whitefly-virus interactions, and will facilitate the identification of novel targets for RNAi control.
Project description:Transcriptional overlap between transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing C4G2A from the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and a cas-1 mutant upon activation of plant immunity by treatment with the bacterial peptide elicitor flg22 (1 µM, 12 h).
Project description:<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Dietary intervention has been reported to improve intestinal health. The intestinal microbiota of newborn animals plays a fundamental role in the development of intestinal function and the innate immune system. However, little is currently known about dietary interventions in the gut microbiota and barrier function of livestock, especially suckling Bamei piglets. To this end, we studied the effect of early dietary supplementation on intestinal bacterial communities and intestinal barrier function in piglets.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> 10 purebred Bamei sows were randomly allocated into two groups. In group one, the piglets received a supplementary milk replacer on day 7 of age, whereas the other control group was allowed sow’s milk alone. At 21 days, 18 and 17, respectively, piglets in each group of average weight were randomly selected and sacrificed. Tissue and digesta samples were collected from the jejunum to evaluate differences in the microbiome-metabolome and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (TLR4, TNFα and IL-8) and barrier proteins (ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1). Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that ES improved the gut microbiome composition of Bamei suckling piglets. The relative abundances of some bacterial species such as Lactobacillales, Romboutsia, Actinobacillus, Bacteroides were significantly reduced in the ES group. Metabolomics analysis indicated that 23 compounds were enriched and 35 compounds decreased in the ES group. And correlation analysis demonstrated that some gut bacterial genera were highly correlated with altered gut microbiota-related metabolites. Meanwhile, ES of Bamei suckling piglets altered the gene expression of inflammatory cytokine and barrier protein in the jejunum.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> In summary, these results provide important insights on the relationships between jejunal microbiota and related metabolites, and jejunal barrier function during the early life of Bamei suckling piglets.</p>
Project description:In this study, Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing recombinant plasmids were used to agroinoculate cucumber seedlings with tandem repeats of DNA-A genome of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). The inoculated seedlings, representing both resistant and susceptible accessions, were monitored for symptoms over a period of four weeks. Symptom development was observed in susceptible genotypes, while the resistant genotype remained symptomless. Leaf samples were collected from both agroinoculated and control plants for further analysis. This research sheds light on the pathogenicity of ToLCNDV in cucumber and highlights the potential resistance mechanisms in certain accessions.
Project description:In this study, Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), which parasitizes in the brain of the non-permissive host, such as mouse and human, is an etiologic agent of eosinophilic meningitis. Excretory-secretory (ES) products play an important role in the interaction between parasites and hosts’ immune responses. Inflammatory macrophages are responsible for eosinophilic meningitis induced by AC, and the soluble antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis fourth stage larva (AC L4), a mimic of dead AC L4, aggravate eosinophilic meningitis in AC-infected mice model via promoting alternative activation of macrophages. While whether AC L4 ES products, as well as its exosome-depleted excretory-secretory products (exofree) component play a role on macrophage activation remains unknown. In order to identify the AC L4 exofree signature regulating genes, BMDMs were treated with PBS (ctr), free (AC L4 exofree), IL-4, com (IL-4+AC L4 exofree) for 6h, 12h, and 24 h respectively and RNA-seq analysis was performed.
Project description:High-throughput sequence analysis of small RNAs of TYLCV-tolerant (containing tolerance gene Ty-1) and susceptible varieties indicated that miRNA-like vsRNAs and secondary vsiRNAs are mainly contributed to hotpots. Interestingly, various characteristics of vsRNAs among each sample are consistent, but in different number of expression; Deep sequencing of degradome provided evidence for the function of vsRNAs-mediated viral transcripts slicing; And bisulfite sequencing PCR suggested the geminivirus DNA methylation induced by vsRNAs. Comparison of the expression quantity and trend of viral DNA, mRNA and vsRNA inferred that the quantity of vsRNAs is significantly corresponding to the expression level of viral mRNA. Nevertheless, vsRNAs had finite effect on inhibition of virus replication and expression. Here, we also speculated that by RDR catalysis of vsRNAs amplification, the tolerance gene Ty-1 may take an effective inhibition of viral transcription at the beginning of TYLCV infection.