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Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation

ABSTRACT: Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation

PROVIDER: PRJNA1036604 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR26662500_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR26662500_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR26662501_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR26662501_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR26662502_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation [Array]

Project description:Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation [Array]

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Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation [RNA-seq]

Project description:Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation [RNA-seq]

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Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation [Array]

Project description:Partial reprogramming by cyclic short-term expression of Yamanaka factors holds promise for shifting cells to younger states and consequently delaying the onset of many diseases of aging. However, the delivery of transgenes and potential risk of teratoma formation present challenges for in vivo applications. Recent advances include the use of cocktails of compounds to reprogram somatic cells, but the characteristics and mechanisms of partial cellular reprogramming by chemicals remain unclear. Here, we report a multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming in fibroblasts from young and aged mice. We measured the effects of partial chemical reprogramming on the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and metabolome. At the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome levels, we saw widescale changes induced by this treatment, with the most notable signature being an upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, at the metabolome level, we observed a reduction in the accumulation of aging-related metabolites. Using both transcriptomic and epigenetic clock-based analyses, we show that partial chemical reprogramming reduces the biological age of mouse fibroblasts. We demonstrate that these changes have functional impacts, as evidenced by changes in cellular respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, these results illuminate the potential for chemical reprogramming reagents to rejuvenate aged biological systems, and warrant further investigation into adapting these approaches for in vivo age reversal.

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Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation [RNA-seq]

Project description:Partial reprogramming by cyclic short-term expression of Yamanaka factors holds promise for shifting cells to younger states and consequently delaying the onset of many diseases of aging. However, the delivery of transgenes and potential risk of teratoma formation present challenges forin vivoapplications. Recent advances include the use of cocktails of compounds to reprogram somatic cells, but the characteristics and mechanisms of partial cellular reprogramming by chemicals remain unclear. Here, we report a multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming in fibroblasts from young and aged mice. We measured the effects of partial chemical reprogramming on the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and metabolome. At the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome levels, we saw widescale changes induced by this treatment, with the most notable signature being an upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, at the metabolome level, we observed a reduction in the accumulation of aging-related metabolites. Using both transcriptomic and epigenetic clock-based analyses, we show that partial chemical reprogramming reduces the biological age of mouse fibroblasts. We demonstrate that these changes have functional impacts, as evidenced by changes in cellular respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, these results illuminate the potential for chemical reprogramming reagents to rejuvenate aged biological systems, and warrant further investigation into adapting these approaches forin vivoage reversal.

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Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation

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Dynamics of Telomere Rejuvenation During Chemical Induction to Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Project description:Chemical induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) have been successfully achieved and may provide an alternative and attractive source for stem cell-based therapy. Sufficient telomere lengths are critical for unlimited self-renewal and genomic stability of pluripotent stem cells. Dynamics of telomere reprogramming and whether and how telomeres are sufficiently elongated in the CiPSCs have remained to be understood. We show that CiPSCs acquire telomere lengthening with increasing passages after clonal formation. Both telomerase activity and recombination-based mechanisms are involved in the telomere elongation. Telomere lengths strongly indicate the degree of reprogramming, pluripotency and differentiation capacity of CiPSCs. Nevertheless, telomere damage and shortening occur at late stage of lengthy induction, limiting CiPSC formation. Recombination mechanism is not activated during induction until CiPSC clonal formation and passages. We find that histone crotonylation induced by crotonic acid can activate two-cell genes including Zscan4, alleviate telomere damage and shortening during induction and promote CiPSC generation. Moreover, crotonylation decreases abundance of heterochromatic H3K9me3 and HP1a at subtelomeres and Zscan4 loci. Taken together, telomere rejuvenation links to reprogramming and pluripotency of CiPSCs. Crotonylation facilitates telomere maintenance and enhances chemical induced reprogramming to pluripotency.

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