Moho braccatus
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1044486 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Plate tectonics is largely responsible for material and heat circulation in Earth, but for unknown reasons it does not exist on Venus. The strength of planetary materials is a key control on plate tectonics because physical properties, such as temperature, pressure, stress, and chemical composition, result in strong rheological layering and convection in planetary interiors. Our deformation experiments show that crustal plagioclase is much weaker than mantle olivine at conditions corresponding to the Moho in Venus. Consequently, this strength contrast may produce a mechanical decoupling between the Venusian crust and interior mantle convection. One-dimensional numerical modeling using our experimental data confirms that this large strength contrast at the Moho impedes the surface motion of the Venusian crust and, as such, is an important factor in explaining the absence of plate tectonics on Venus.
| S-EPMC3957145 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This research article presents the Multi-Objective Hippopotamus Optimizer (MOHO), a unique approach that excels in tackling complex structural optimization problems. The Hippopotamus Optimizer (HO) is a novel approach in meta-heuristic methodology that draws inspiration from the natural behaviour of hippos. The HO is built upon a trinary-phase model that incorporates mathematical representations of crucial aspects of Hippo's behaviour, including their movements in aquatic environments, defense mechanisms against predators, and avoidance strategies. This conceptual framework forms the basis for developing the multi-objective (MO) variant MOHO, which was applied to optimize five well-known truss structures. Balancing safety precautions and size constraints concerning stresses on individual sections and constituent parts, these problems also involved competing objectives, such as reducing the weight of the structure and the maximum nodal displacement. The findings of six popular optimization methods were used to compare the results. Four industry-standard performance measures were used for this comparison and qualitative examination of the finest Pareto-front plots generated by each algorithm. The average values obtained by the Friedman rank test and comparison analysis unequivocally showed that MOHO outperformed other methods in resolving significant structure optimization problems quickly. In addition to finding and preserving more Pareto-optimal sets, the recommended algorithm produced excellent convergence and variance in the objective and decision fields. MOHO demonstrated its potential for navigating competing objectives through diversity analysis. Additionally, the swarm plots effectively visualize MOHO's solution distribution of MOHO across iterations, highlighting its superior convergence behaviour. Consequently, MOHO exhibits promise as a valuable method for tackling complex multi-objective structure optimization issues.
| S-EPMC11332947 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Moho topography yields insights into the evolution of the lithosphere and the strength of the lower crust. The Moho reflected phase (PmP) samples this key boundary and may be used in concert with the first arriving P phase to infer crustal thickness. The densely sampled station coverage of distributed acoustic sensing arrays allows for the observation of PmP at fine-scale intervals over many kilometers with individual events. We use PmP recorded by a 100-km-long fiber that traverses a path between Ridgecrest, CA and Barstow, CA to explore Moho variability in Southern California. With hundreds of well-recorded events, we verify that PmP is observable and develop a technique to identify and pick P-PmP differential times with high confidence. We use these observations to constrain Moho depth throughout Southern California, and we find that short-wavelength variability in crustal thickness is abundant, with sharp changes across the Garlock Fault and Coso Volcanic Field.
| S-EPMC11601198 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSocial circus is a branch of circus that primarily focuses on personal and community development, rather than an elite level of professional artistry required of traditional circus. Social circus engages participants in circus activities such as juggling and acrobatics with therapeutic aims such as building confidence or developing life skills. While there is a growing body of literature around social circus, there is currently limited literature exploring the interface between social circus and occupational therapy theory.ObjectiveThis study is aimed at examining existing examples of social circus for people with disability (via YouTube videos) through the lens of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) to consider the link between social circus and contemporary occupational therapy practice.MethodsThe study utilised video analysis as the guiding methodology. A two-part qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on transcripts of YouTube video audio and on-screen text, as well as visual analysis of the corresponding imagery.ResultsSocial circus provides people with disabilities opportunities to actively participate and experience dignity of risk, independence, and autonomy, in a safe and inclusive environment amongst others. As a highly flexible activity (in structure, timing, tasks, outcomes, and environments), social circus accommodated differences in capacities and provided opportunity for the development of skills, both circus-specific and generalisable to everyday life. Social circus allowed people with disability to shape new identities as performers, friends, and members of a community.ConclusionSocial circus offers a unique means for successfully attaining and achieving a wide range of occupational outcomes for people with and without disability across a diverse range of settings. Utilising an occupational therapy lens led to insights around the social circus environments, development of identity and transference of circus skills to everyday tasks and occupations, that were not previously acknowledged in the social circus literature. Our findings support social circus implementation and collaboration within contemporary occupational therapy practice.
| S-EPMC7969102 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aims to investigate the depth distribution of Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho) and its relationship with the tectonic pattern of the South China Sea and adjacent areas. To achieve this, the spatial characteristics of the full tensor gravity gradient data are analyzed to identify 17 large and deep faults and to divide the study area into 9 tectonic units with distinct geological structures. Using a three-dimensional (3D) interface inversion method, the Moho depth is determined, constrained by the Moho depth information obtained from sonar-buoy detection and submarine seismograph detection profiles. By analyzing the relationship between the distribution characteristics of Moho and tectonic units, the study summarizes the trend, relief, gradient of Moho, and crustal properties in the study area. Additionally, the seismically constrained Moho undulation combined with the gravity data, gravity gradient anomalies and unconstrained 3D correlation imaging are employed to study the crustal structure of the South China Sea, investigate the vertical and horizontal changes of the crustal structure, and reveal the large-scale crustal and regional structure of the South China Sea. Through the coupling analysis of shallow and deep structures, the study reveals that the gravity gradient anomalies and 3D correlation imaging are consistent with the variations of the Moho depth, indicating the presence of a trench-island arc-back arc basin system and the distribution of continental crust, oceanic crust, and transitional crust in the South China Sea.
| S-EPMC10209414 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The determination of the crustal structure is essential in geophysics, as it gives insight into the geohistory, tectonic environment, geohazard mitigation, etc. Here we present the latest advance on three-dimensional modeling representing the Tibetan Mohorovičić discontinuity (topography and ranges) and its deformation (fold), revealed by analyzing gravity data from GOCE mission. Our study shows noticeable advances in estimated Tibetan Moho model which is superior to the results using the earlier gravity models prior to GOCE. The higher quality gravity field of GOCE is reflected in the Moho solution: we find that the Moho is deeper than 65 km, which is twice the normal continental crust beneath most of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, while the deepest Moho, up to 82 km, is located in western Tibet. The amplitude of the Moho fold is estimated to be ranging from -9 km to 9 km with a standard deviation of ~2 km. The improved GOCE gravity derived Moho signals reveal a clear directionality of the Moho ranges and Moho fold structure, orthogonal to deformation rates observed by GPS. This geophysical feature, clearly more evident than the ones estimated using earlier gravity models, reveals that it is the result of the large compressional tectonic process.
| S-EPMC4481824 | biostudies-literature