Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series:; GSE8619: Senseless-responsive genes in larval salivary glands of late Drosophila prepupae; GSE8620: GAL4-responsive genes in larval salivary glands of late Drosophila prepupae Experiment Overall Design: Refer to individual Series
Project description:When misexpressed in late Drosophila prepupae, the transcription factor Fork head (Fkh) blocks death of the larval salivary glands that normally occurs in the early pupa. The aim of the experiment was to identify genes responding to Fkh that might mediate the effect of the protein on cell death and other biological processes. Fkh was expressed in the line P[hs-Fkh111] from a heat-inducible transgene that encodes wild-type Fkh protein. Expression of Fkh was induced by incubating prepupae for 30 min in a 37 °C water bath, starting at 9.5 hours after puparium formation. Salivary glands were dissected at 14 hours after puparium formation and RNA isolated for microarray analysis with Affymetrix GeneChips. Control samples were obtained from w1118 animals treated the same way. The microarray analysis identified 55 genes annotated as functioning in apoptosis whose expression was at least 1.5-fold changed by Fkh. These genes include the death genes hid and reaper, which play a central role in the control of salivary gland death. Other groups of significantly enriched genes include genes functioning in autophagy, steroid-signaling pathways, salivary gland secretion, and phospholipid metabolism. In addition, the microarray data identify genes as responsive to Fkh that are known to be controlled by the FOXA counterparts of Fkh in vertebrates, indicating that target genes and biological processes controlled by Fkh are evolutionarily conserved. Keywords: ectopic expression experiment
Project description:Pulses of the steroid hormone ecdysone act through transcriptional cascades to direct the major developmental transitions during the Drosophila life cycle. These include the prepupal ecdysone pulse, which occurs 10 hours after pupariation and triggers the onset of adult morphogenesis and larval tissue destruction. E93 encodes a transcription factor that is specifically induced by the prepupal pulse of ecdysone, supporting a model proposed by earlier work that it specifies the onset of adult development. Although a number of studies have addressed these functions for E93, little is known about its roles in the salivary gland where the E93 locus was originally identified. Here we show that E93 is required for development through late pupal stages, with mutants displaying defects in adult differentiation and no detectable effect on the destruction of salivary glands. RNA-seq analysis demonstrates that E93 regulates genes involved in development and morphogenesis in the salivary glands, but has little effect on cell death gene expression. We also show that E93 is required to direct the proper timing of ecdysone-regulated gene expression in salivary glands, and that it suppresses earlier transcriptional programs that occur during larval and prepupal stages. These studies support the model that the stage-specific induction of E93 in late prepupae provides a critical signal that defines the end of larval development and the onset of adult differentiation.
Project description:When misexpressed in late Drosophila prepupae, the transcription factor Fork head (Fkh) blocks death of the larval salivary glands that normally occurs in the early pupa. The aim of the experiment was to identify genes responding to Fkh that might mediate the effect of the protein on cell death and other biological processes. Fkh was expressed in the line P[hs-Fkh111] from a heat-inducible transgene that encodes wild-type Fkh protein. Expression of Fkh was induced by incubating prepupae for 30 min in a 37 °C water bath, starting at 9.5 hours after puparium formation. Salivary glands were dissected at 14 hours after puparium formation and RNA isolated for microarray analysis with Affymetrix GeneChips. Control samples were obtained from w1118 animals treated the same way. The microarray analysis identified 55 genes annotated as functioning in apoptosis whose expression was at least 1.5-fold changed by Fkh. These genes include the death genes hid and reaper, which play a central role in the control of salivary gland death. Other groups of significantly enriched genes include genes functioning in autophagy, steroid-signaling pathways, salivary gland secretion, and phospholipid metabolism. In addition, the microarray data identify genes as responsive to Fkh that are known to be controlled by the FOXA counterparts of Fkh in vertebrates, indicating that target genes and biological processes controlled by Fkh are evolutionarily conserved. SUBMITTER_CITATION: Liu and Lehmann, 2008: Genes and biological processes controlled by the Drosophila FOXA orthologue Fork head. Insect Molecular Biology, 17, 91-101; link: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/imb/17/2) Experiment Overall Design: Experimental RNA samples were obtained in 3 biological replicates from fkh-expressing salivary glands (SG_Fkh_14APF_rep1, SG_Fkh_14APF_rep2, SG_Fkh_14APF_rep3) and compared to control samples obtained in two biological replicates from the salivary glands of w1118 control animals (SG_w1118(3)_14APF_rep1, SG_w1118(3)_14APF_rep2). All samples were compared using dChip and normalized to the same baseline array (median intensity 134).
Project description:When misexpressed in late Drosophila prepupae, the transcription factor Senseless (Sens) blocks death of the larval salivary glands that normally occurs in the early pupa. The aim of the experiment was to identify genes responding to Sens that might mediate the effect of the protein on cell death and other biological processes. The yeast transcription factor GAL4, expressed from a heat-inducible transgene (P{GAL4-Hsp70.PB}89-2-1), was used to drive expression of Sens from a UAS-sens transgene. After crossing the GAL4 and UAS lines, expression of GAL4 was induced by a 30-min heat shock treatment (37 °C) of the progeny at 9 hours after puparium formation. Salivary glands were dissected at 14 hours after puparium formation and RNA isolated for microarray analysis with Affymetrix GeneChips. Control samples were obtained from animals treated the same way carrying one copy of the GAL4 transgene (progeny of a cross between flies of the P{GAL4-Hsp70.PB}89-2-1 and w1118 strains) and w1118 animals. The microarray data identified several genes associated with programmed cell death, including caspase genes, which respond to Sens. In addition, the data show that many Drosophila genes respond to the yeast transcription factor GAL4 in a UAS-independent manner. To identify target genes of Sens that are of biological relevance, gene expression patterns in the presence of Sens were compared to gene expression patterns in both the presence and the absence of GAL4. This comparison revealed that Sens seems to preferentially downregulate targets that are upregulated by GAL4, suggesting that these genes may not necessarily constitute true transcriptional targets of Sens. Experiment Overall Design: Experimental RNA samples were obtained in 3 biological replicates from sens-expressing salivary glands (SG_sens_14APF_rep1, SG_sens_14APF_rep2, SG_sens_14APF_rep3) and compared to control samples obtained from GAL4-expressing salivary glands (SG_1P{hsGAL4}89(S)_14APF_rep1) and non-GAL4-expressing salivary glands (SG_w1118_14APF_rep1, SG_w1118_14APF_rep2). All samples were compared using dChip and normalized to the same baseline array (median intensity 150).
Project description:When misexpressed in late Drosophila prepupae, the transcription factor Senseless (Sens) blocks death of the larval salivary glands that normally occurs in the early pupa. The aim of the experiment was to identify genes responding to Sens that might mediate the effect of the protein on cell death and other biological processes. The yeast transcription factor GAL4, expressed from a heat-inducible transgene (P{GAL4-Hsp70.PB}89-2-1), was used to drive expression of Sens from a UAS-sens transgene. After crossing the GAL4 and UAS lines, expression of GAL4 was induced by a 30-min heat shock treatment (37 °C) of the progeny at 9 hours after puparium formation. Salivary glands were dissected at 14 hours after puparium formation and RNA isolated for microarray analysis with Affymetrix GeneChips. Control samples were obtained from animals treated the same way carrying one copy of the GAL4 transgene (progeny of a cross between flies of the P{GAL4-Hsp70.PB}89-2-1 and w1118 strains) and w1118 animals. The microarray data identified several genes associated with programmed cell death, including caspase genes, which respond to Sens. In addition, the data show that many Drosophila genes respond to the yeast transcription factor GAL4 in a UAS-independent manner. To identify target genes of Sens that are of biological relevance, gene expression patterns in the presence of Sens were compared to gene expression patterns in both the presence and the absence of GAL4. This comparison revealed that Sens seems to preferentially downregulate targets that are upregulated by GAL4, suggesting that these genes may not necessarily constitute true transcriptional targets of Sens. Keywords: ectopic expression experiment