Project description:To investigate the effect of interleukin (IL-33) on bone marrow (BM) resident type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), we treated BL/6 and ST2-knockout (ST2-/-) ILC2s for 24h with recombinant mouse IL-33 We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of 3-4 samples per condition.
Project description:The effects of IL-33 on ST2+ Treg cells were not studied thouroughly. We FACS-sorted in vitro expanded ST2+ Treg cells from C57BL/6 Foxp3-IRES-mRFP (B6 FIR) mice. We next used RNA-seq techonology to define how recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) may impact mouse Treg by to assessing the transcriptome of IL-33-stimulated ST2+ Treg cells compared to that of untreated ST2+ Treg cells. Our data revealed that ST2+ Treg stimulated with rIL-33 for 6 hours exhibited increased expression of Il10 and Il13 compared to unstimulated ST2+ Treg cells.
Project description:Tregs are highly enriched in the eVAT of male mice. We show that ST2+ VAT Tregs preferentially upregulate and depend on Srebf2-mediated cholesterol metabolism compared their spleen Treg or ST2- VAT Treg counterparts. However, it is unclear whether this increased reliance on cholesterol metabolism is a consequence elevated IL-33 signaling in ST2+ Tregs. Therefore, the goal of experiment is to determine whether IL-33 signaling influences Srebf2-dependent cholesterol gene expression in ST2+ eVAT Tregs in vivo.
Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in mouse lungs are activated by the epithelium-derived alarmin IL-33. Activated ILC2s proliferate and produce IL-5 and IL-13 that drive allergic responses. In neonatal lungs, IL-33 is spontaneously released resulting in activation of lung ILC2s. Here we report that neonatal lung ILC2 activation has significant effects on ILC2 functions in adulthood. Most neonatal lung ILC2s incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and persisted into adulthood. BrdU+ ILC2s in adult lungs responded more intensely to IL-33 treatment than BrdU- ILC2s. In IL-33 deficient (KO) mice, lung ILC2s develop normally but they are not activated in the neonatal period. Lung ILC2s in KO mice responded less intensely to IL-33 in adulthood compared to wild type (WT) ILC2s. While there was no difference in the number of lung ILC2s, there were fewer IL-13+ ILC2s in IL-33KO than IL-33WT mice. The impaired responsiveness of ILC2s in KO mice was reversed by intranasal injections of IL-33 in the neonatal period. These results suggest that activation of lung ILC2s by endogenous IL-33 in the neonatal period may “train” ILC2s seeding the lung after birth to become long-lasting resident cells that respond more efficiently to challenges later in life.
Project description:Purpose: We found that IFN-g and IL-27 had suppressive effects on ILC2s cultured with IL-33. The goal of this study is to clarify the expressions of RNA induced by IFN-g and IL-27 in ILC2s. Methods: ILC2s were isolated from fat-asociated lymphid clusters (FALC) of wild-type mice. They were cultured with IL-33 (10ng/ml), IL-33 + IFN-g (10ng/ml), or IL-33 + IL-27 (10ng/ml) for 48hrs. RNA was isolated by Allprep DNA/RNA Micro Kit (QIAGEN), and cDNA libraries were prepared by TruSeq RNA Sample Preparation kits v2 (Illumina) according to the manufacturerâs low sample protocol. A HiSeq 1500 system (Illumina) was used for 50 single-end bases (50SE)ãsequencing. Results: Sequenced reads were trimmed for adaptor sequence, and masked for low-complexity or low-quality sequence, then mapped to the reference genome (mm9) using Bowtie2 v2.1.0 and TopHat2 v2.0.8. The transcript abundances were estimated as FPKM (fragments per kilobase of exon million fragments mapped) value using Cufflinks v2.1.1. We found that both IL-27 and IFN-g upregulated the expression of STAT1 and IRF1 which are regulated downstream of IFN-g receptor signaling, but there was no difference in the expression of GATA3, a critical transcription factor for ILC2 functions. Conclusions: Our study represents the detailed differences of RNA expressions by RNA-seq technology. RNA-Seq analysis of ILC2s cultured with IL-33 (10ng/ml), IL-33 + IFN-g (10ng/ml), or IL-33 + IL-27 (10ng/ml) for 48hrs.
Project description:The epithelial cell derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 can both activate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). It is not known whether the actions of these cytokines on ILC2s are similar or divergent. To investigate this we performed in vitro culture of human ILC2s with a variety of cytokine combinations including IL-2, IL-7, IL-25 and IL-33. Transcriptome profiling of these different condtions allowed us to assess the impact on gene expression of the different treatments. The results show that IL-25 and IL-33 promote divergent gene expression programs indicating that differential expression of these cytokines can cause diverse ILC2 effector function.
Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lung are stimulated by inhaled allergens. ILC2s do not directly recognize allergens but they are stimulated by cytokines including interleukin (IL)-33 released by damaged epithelium.Lung ILC2s, upon stimulation, produce T helper 2 cell-type cytokines inducing T cell independent allergic lung inflammation. We now report that lung ILC2s, upon activation by an allergen or IL-33, acquire the properties of memory cells. The activated ILC2s initially proliferate and secrete cytokines, followed by a contraction phase as they stop producing cytokines. Nevertheless, some persist long after the resolution of the inflammation and acquire intrinsic capacities to react to unrelated allergens more vigorously than naïve ILC2s, thus mediating a severe allergic lung inflammation. Gene expression profiles of the previously activated ILC2s show a gene signature of memory T cells. These antigen non-specific memory ILC2s may explain why asthma patients are often sensitized to multiple allergens. ILC2s were isolated from mouse lungs from naive and IL-33 injected mice 4 days, 14 days and 4 months after the initial treatment. RNA was extracted from those ILC2 populations and analyzed for gene expression profiles. RNA was also extracted from ILC2s isolated from lung draining mediastinal lymph node (mLN) 4 days and 14 days after IL-33 treatment.
Project description:IL-33 is constitutively expressed in many epithelial tissues at steady state and signals through the receptor, ST2. IL-33 is released upon tissue injury and functions as an endogenous danger signal to alert the immune system to tissue damage. Here we investigate the physiological role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in skin homeostasis and cancer development. We show that expression of IL-33 differentiates malignant from normal/benign human tissues and that in mouse models of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma the IL-33/ST2 axis protects against carcinogenesis. Tissue Treg are the predominant cells expressing ST2 in the skin and localise around the hair follicle and IL-33+ epithelial cells (EC). Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrate that skin Treg regulate EC differentiation, minimizes mutational load and retrains cancer development following exposure to an environmental carcinogen. Our findings indicate an important role for direct EC-Treg cross-talk as an early checkpoint to contain tissue damage and carcinogenesis.
Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in mouse lungs are activated by the epithelium-derived alarmin IL-33. Activated ILC2s proliferate and produce IL-5 and IL-13 that drive allergic responses. In neonatal lungs, IL-33 is spontaneously released resulting in activation of lung ILC2s. Here we report that neonatal lung ILC2 activation has significant effects on ILC2 functions in adulthood. Most neonatal lung ILC2s incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and persisted into adulthood. BrdU+ ILC2s in adult lungs responded more intensely to IL-33 treatment than BrdU- ILC2s. In IL-33 deficient (KO) mice, lung ILC2s develop normally but they are not activated in the neonatal period. Lung ILC2s in KO mice responded less intensely to IL-33 in adulthood compared to wild type (WT) ILC2s. While there was no difference in the number of lung ILC2s, there were fewer IL-13+ ILC2s in IL-33KO than IL-33WT mice. The impaired responsiveness of ILC2s in KO mice was reversed by intranasal injections of IL-33 in the neonatal period. These results suggest that activation of lung ILC2s by endogenous IL-33 in the neonatal period may “train” ILC2s seeding the lung after birth to become long-lasting resident cells that respond more efficiently to challenges later in life.
Project description:We analyzed the total proteome of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) after different stimulation with interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine playing a critical role in human asthma, and TL1A, a TNF-family cytokine also known to activate ILC2s. Upon combined stimulation with IL-33 plus TL1A, we show that lung ILC2s produce high amounts of IL-9 and acquire a transient ‘ILC9’ phenotype. This phenotype is characterized by simultaneous production of large amounts of type 2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13 and IL-9), induction of the IL-2 receptor CD25 (Il2ra), and of the transcription factors IRF4, JunB and BATF, that form immune-specific complexes known to induce IL-9 expression.