Lipid Metabolism Alterations Induce PD-L1 Internalization and Signaling to Regulate Breast Cancer Metastasis and Response to Immunotherapy [EXOSC10 RNA-IP-seq]
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1054984 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1 (CD274), is expressed by cancer cells to facilitate immune evasion. PD-L1 also exerts pro-survival functions in cancer cells, and mechanisms that regulate intracellular PD-L1 signaling remain largely unknown. Here, we report a new mechanism whereby internalization of PD-L1 in response to alterations of bioactive lipid/ceramide metabolism by ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) induces sonic-hedgehog (Shh) and TGF-b-receptor signaling to enhance tumor metastasis in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), which are highly resistant to immunotherapy. Mechanistically, we show here that internalized PD-L1, mediated by its cytoplasmic domain, including the S278/S279 residues, in response to CerS4/C18/C20-ceramide downregulation or genetic loss, interacts with an RNA-binding protein Caprin-1 in various metastatic breast cancer models, including 4T1 orthotopic breast allografts and mammary tumors developed in MMTV-PyMT/CerS4-/- compared to MMTV-PyMT/CerS4+/+ mice, consistent with Shh/TGFBR1/Wnt/b-catenin activation in-vivo. Genetic loss or molecular knockdown of CerS4 in breast tumors also resulted in increased infiltration of FoxP3+ T regs that are known to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Targeting the CerS4/Shh/PD-L1 axis using Sonidegib and anti-PD-L1 antibody in mice containing metastatic breast tumors in which CerS4 is downregulated vastly decreased tumor growth and metastasis, leading to inhibition of PD-L1 internalization and Shh/Wnt signaling, restoring anti-tumor immune response. These data, validated in clinical samples and multiple patient datasets, demonstrate a mechanism to define intracellular metastatic signaling by PD-L1 internalization in response to alterations of ceramide metabolism, providing a new therapeutic strategy to improve immunotherapy responses in metastatic TNBCs.
2024-07-07 | GSE250638 | GEO
Project description:Programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1 (CD274), is expressed by cancer cells to facilitate immune evasion. PD-L1 also exerts pro-survival functions in cancer cells, and mechanisms that regulate intracellular PD-L1 signaling remain largely unknown. Here, we report a new mechanism whereby internalization of PD-L1 in response to alterations of bioactive lipid/ceramide metabolism by ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) induces sonic-hedgehog (Shh) and TGF-b-receptor signaling to enhance tumor metastasis in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), which are highly resistant to immunotherapy. Mechanistically, we show here that internalized PD-L1, mediated by its cytoplasmic domain, including the S278/S279 residues, in response to CerS4/C18/C20-ceramide downregulation or genetic loss, interacts with an RNA-binding protein Caprin-1 in various metastatic breast cancer models, including 4T1 orthotopic breast allografts and mammary tumors developed in MMTV-PyMT/CerS4-/- compared to MMTV-PyMT/CerS4+/+ mice, consistent with Shh/TGFBR1/Wnt/b-catenin activation in-vivo. Genetic loss or molecular knockdown of CerS4 in breast tumors also resulted in increased infiltration of FoxP3+ T regs that are known to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Targeting the CerS4/Shh/PD-L1 axis using Sonidegib and anti-PD-L1 antibody in mice containing metastatic breast tumors in which CerS4 is downregulated vastly decreased tumor growth and metastasis, leading to inhibition of PD-L1 internalization and Shh/Wnt signaling, restoring anti-tumor immune response. These data, validated in clinical samples and multiple patient datasets, demonstrate a mechanism to define intracellular metastatic signaling by PD-L1 internalization in response to alterations of ceramide metabolism, providing a new therapeutic strategy to improve immunotherapy responses in metastatic TNBCs.
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Project description:Programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1 (CD274) facilitates immune evasion and exerts pro-survival functions in cancer cells. Here, we report a new mechanism whereby internalization of PD-L1 in response to alterations of bioactive lipid/ceramide metabolism by ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) induces sonic-hedgehog (Shh) and TGF- receptor signaling to enhance tumor metastasis in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), exhibiting immunotherapy resistance. Mechanistically, data showed that internalized PD-L1 interacts with an RNA-binding protein Caprin-1 to stabilize Shh/TGFBR1/Wnt mRNAs to induce -catenin signaling and TNBC growth/metastasis, consistent with increased infiltration of FoxP3+ T regs and resistance to immunotherapy. While mammary tumors developed in MMTV-PyMT/CerS4-/- were highly metastatic, targeting the Shh/PD-L1 axis using Sonidegib and anti-PD-L1 antibody vastly decreased tumor growth and metastasis, consistent with the inhibition of PD-L1 internalization and Shh/Wnt signaling, restoring anti-tumor immune response. These data, validated in clinical samples and databases, provide a mechanism-based therapeutic strategy to improve immunotherapy responses in metastatic TNBCs.
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Project description:Lipid Metabolism Alterations Induce PD-L1 Internalization and Signaling to Regulate Breast Cancer Metastasis and Response to Immunotherapy [Caprin-1 RNA-IP-seq]
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Project description:Reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) triggers adaptive cellular responses via hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent transcriptional activation. Adaptation to hypoxia also involves transcription-independent processes like post-translational modifications, however these mechanisms are poorly characterized. Investigating the involvement of protein SUMOylation in response to hypoxia, we discovered that hypoxia strongly decreases the SUMOylation of Exosome subunit 10 (EXOSC10), the catalytic subunit of the RNA exosome, in a HIF-independent manner. EXOSC10 is a multifunctional exoribonuclease enriched in the nucleolus that mediates the processing and degradation of various RNA species. We demonstrate that the Ubiquitin-specific protease 36 (USP36) SUMOylates EXOSC10 and we reveal SUMO1/sentrin-specific peptidase 3 (SENP3) as the enzyme mediating deSUMOylation of EXOSC10. Under hypoxia, EXOSC10 dissociates from USP36 and translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm concomitant with its deSUMOylation. Loss of EXOSC10 SUMOylation does not detectably affect rRNA maturation but affects the mRNA transcriptome by modulating the expression levels of hypoxia-related genes. Our data suggest that dynamic modulation of EXOSC10 SUMOylation and localization under hypoxia regulates the RNA degradation machinery to facilitate cellular adaptation to low oxygen conditions.
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Project description:Growing mammalian oocytes accumulate substantial amounts of RNA, most of which are degraded during the subsequent maturation stage. The growth-to-maturation transition begins with germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD, envisioned as nuclear envelope breakdown) and is critical for oocyte quality. However, the concomitant changes in the transcriptome during GVBD as well as the underlying machinery remained unclear. Here, we report that an RNA exosome-associated RNase, EXOSC10, sculpts the transcriptome at multiple level to facilitate the oocyte growth-to-maturation transition. We establish an oocyte-specific knockout of Exosc10 in mice using CRISPR/Cas9 and find female subfertility due to failed GVBD. By performing single oocyte RNA-seq in different ways, we document dysregulated transcriptomes, unsuccessfully processed rRNAs in mutant oocytes, and many up-regulated RNAs that encode proteins important for endomembrane trafficking, meiotic cell cycle and RNA metabolism. EXOSC10-depleted oocytes have impaired endomembrane components including endosome, lysosome, ER and Golgi. In addition, CDK1 fails to be activated possibly due to persistent WEE1 activity, which blocked lamina phosphorylation and disassembly in mutant oocytes. Collectively, we propose that EXOSC10 promotes the growth-to-maturation transition in mouse oocytes by degrading mRNAs that encode growth-phase factors and sculpting the transcriptome to support the maturation phase of oogenesis.
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Project description:The RNA exosome is an essential 3’ to 5’ processing exoribonuclease complex that mediates degradation, processing, and quality control of virtually all eukaryotic RNAs. The nucleolar RNA exosome, consisting of a 9-subunit core and a distributive 3ʹ to 5ʹ exonuclease EXOSC10, plays a critical role in processing and degrading nucleolar RNAs, including pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA). However, how the RNA exosome is regulated in the nucleolus is poorly understood. Here, we report that the nucleolar ubiquitin-specific protease USP36 is a novel regulator of the nucleolar RNA exosome. USP36 binds to the RNA exosome through direct interaction with EXOSC10. Interestingly, USP36 does not significantly regulate the levels of EXOSC10 and other exosome subunits. Instead, it mediates EXOSC10 SUMOylation at Lys (K) 583. Mutating K583 impaired the binding of EXOSC10 to pre-rRNAs and the K583R mutant failed to rescue the defects in rRNA processing and cell growth inhibition caused by knockdown of endogenous EXOSC10, indicating that EXOSC10 SUMOylation is critical for the exosome function in rRNA processing. Furthermore, USP36 itself is a rRNA-binding protein that associates pre-rRNA. These results suggest that USP36 acts as a novel SUMO ligase to mediate EXOSC10 SUMOylation critical for the RNA exosome function in rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis.
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