Project description:To understand the mechanisms through which JunB regulates Tregs-mediated immune regulation, we examined the global gene expression profiles in the JunB WT and KO Tregs by performing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis.
Project description:Histones were isolated from brown adipose tissue and liver from mice housed at 28, 22, or 8 C. Quantitative top- or middle-down approaches were used to quantitate histone H4 and H3.2 proteoforms. See published article for complimentary RNA-seq and RRBS datasets.
Project description:Overactivated osteoclastogenesis leading to abnormal subchondral bone loss is the main feature of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in osteoclast differentiation in TMJOA remains unknown. Here, we found that an m6A reader IGF2BP2 was essential for mature osteoclasts induction. In TMJ tissues of TMJOA patients, the expression of IGF2BP2 was increased. Moreover, IGF2BP2 was augmented in subchondral bone of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)–induced TMJOA mice. Igf2bp2 deficiency attenuated MIA-induced subchondral bone loss and suppressed osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistically, IGF2BP2 directly stabilized PPARγ and C-FOS mRNA to enhance the NFATC1 signaling, thereby inducing osteoclast maturation. Moreover, the stabilized PPARγ promoted the transcription of C-FOS, resulting in a further amplified signaling of NFATC1. In Igf2bp2-deficient cells, overexpression of PPARγ and C-FOS rescued the function of osteoclasts through restoring reduced levels of NFATC1. On the other hand, IGF2BP2/PPARγ/C-FOS axis facilitated the formation of osteoclasts by restoring the inhibited autophagy levels through the downregulation of ATG16L2. Using an IGF2BP2 inhibitor CWI1-2 hindered osteoclast formation and represented therapeutic effects for TMJOA. In summary, IGF2BP2 is essential in differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts and aggravates TMJOA via stabilizing PPARγ and C-FOS, which promoting NFATC1-mediated osteoclast signaling and ATG16L2-mediated autophagy.
Project description:Introgressed variants from other species can be an important source of genetic variation because they may arise rapidly, can include multiple mutations on a single haplotype, and have often been pretested by selection in the species of origin. Although introgressed alleles are generally deleterious, several studies have reported introgression as the source of adaptive alleles-including the rodenticide-resistant variant of Vkorc1 that introgressed from Mus spretus into European populations of Mus musculus domesticus. Here, we conducted bidirectional genome scans to characterize introgressed regions into one wild population of M. spretus from Spain and three wild populations of M. m. domesticus from France, Germany, and Iran. Despite the fact that these species show considerable intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation, introgression was observed in all individuals, including in the M. musculus reference genome (GRCm38). Mus spretus individuals had a greater proportion of introgression compared with M. m. domesticus, and within M. m. domesticus, the proportion of introgression decreased with geographic distance from the area of sympatry. Introgression was observed on all autosomes for both species, but not on the X-chromosome in M. m. domesticus, consistent with known X-linked hybrid sterility and inviability genes that have been mapped to the M. spretus X-chromosome. Tract lengths were generally short with a few outliers of up to 2.7 Mb. Interestingly, the longest introgressed tracts were in olfactory receptor regions, and introgressed tracts were significantly enriched for olfactory receptor genes in both species, suggesting that introgression may be a source of functional novelty even between species with high barriers to gene flow.