Pericyte loss initiates microvascular dysfunction in the development of diastolic dysfunction
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1057043 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Microvascular dysfunction has been proposed to drive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the initiating molecular and cellular events are largely unknown. Our objective was to determine when microvascular alterations in HFpEF begin, how they contribute to disease progression, and how pericyte dysfunction plays a role herein. We aimed to assess microvascular dysfunction with respect to the development of cardiac dysfunction, in the Zucker fatty and spontaneously hypertensive (ZSF1) obese rat model of HFpEF at three time points: 6, 14, and 21 weeks of age. We found that pericyte loss was the earliest and strongest microvascular change, occurring before prominent echocardiographic signs of diastolic dysfunction were present. Pericytes were shown to be less proliferative and had a disrupted morphology at 14 weeks in the obese ZSF1 animals, who also exhibited an increased capillary luminal diameter and disrupted endothelial junctions. Pericytes exposed to oxidative stress in vitro showed downregulation of cell cycle associated pathways, and induced a pro-inflammatory state in endothelial cells upon co-culture. We propose pericytes are important for maintaining endothelial cell function, where loss of pericytes enhances the reactivity of endothelial cells to inflammatory signals and promotes microvascular dysfunction, thereby accelerating the development of HFpEF.
2023-12-29 | GSE251995 | GEO
Project description:AimsMicrovascular dysfunction has been proposed to drive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the initiating molecular and cellular events are largely unknown. Our objective was to determine when microvascular alterations in HFpEF begin, how they contribute to disease progression, and how pericyte dysfunction plays a role herein.Methods and resultsMicrovascular dysfunction, characterized by inflammatory activation, loss of junctional barrier function, and altered pericyte-endothelial crosstalk, was assessed with respect to the development of cardiac dysfunction, in the Zucker fatty and spontaneously hypertensive (ZSF1) obese rat model of HFpEF at three time points: 6, 14, and 21 weeks of age. Pericyte loss was the earliest and strongest microvascular change, occurring before prominent echocardiographic signs of diastolic dysfunction were present. Pericytes were shown to be less proliferative and had a disrupted morphology at 14 weeks in the obese ZSF1 animals, who also exhibited an increased capillary luminal diameter and disrupted endothelial junctions. Microvascular dysfunction was also studied in a mouse model of chronic reduction in capillary pericyte coverage (PDGF-Bret/ret), which spontaneously developed many aspects of diastolic dysfunction. Pericytes exposed to oxidative stress in vitro showed downregulation of cell cycle-associated pathways and induced a pro-inflammatory state in endothelial cells upon co-culture.ConclusionWe propose pericytes are important for maintaining endothelial cell function, where loss of pericytes enhances the reactivity of endothelial cells to inflammatory signals and promotes microvascular dysfunction, thereby accelerating the development of HFpEF.
| S-EPMC10763525 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: The differentiation of pericytes into myofibroblasts causes microvascular degeneration, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, and tissue stiffening, characteristics of fibrotic diseases. It is unclear how pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation is regulated in the microvascular environment. Our previous study established a novel two-dimensional platform for coculturing microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes derived from the same tissue. This study investigated how ECM stiffness regulated microvascular ECs, pericytes, and their interactions. Methods: Primary microvessels were cultured in the TGM2D medium. Stiff ECM was prepared by incubating ECM solution in regular culture dishes for one hour followed by PBS wash. Soft ECM with Young’s modulus of approximately 6 kPa was used unless otherwise noted. Bone grafts were prepared from the rat skull. Immunostaining, RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and knockdown experiments were performed on the cells. Results: Primary microvascular pericytes differentiated into myofibroblasts (NG2+αSMA+) on stiff ECM, even with the TGFβ signaling inhibitor A83-01. Soft ECM and A83-01 cooperatively maintained microvascular stability while inhibiting pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation (NG2+αSMA-/low). We thus defined two pericyte subpopulations: primary (NG2+αSMA-/low) and activated (NG2+αSMA+) pericytes. Soft ECM promoted microvascular regeneration and inhibited fibrosis in bone graft transplantation in vivo. As Integrins are the major mechanosensor, we performed qRT-PCR screening of Integrin family members selected from RNA sequencing data. We found that Integrin β1 (Itgb1) was the major subunit downregulated by soft ECM and A83-01 treatment. Knocking down Itgb1 suppressed myofibroblast differentiation on stiff ECM. Interestingly, ITGB1 phosphorylation (Y783) was mainly located on microvascular ECs on stiff ECM, which promoted EC secretion of paracrine factors, including CTGF, to induce pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation. CTGF knockdown or monoclonal antibody treatment partially reduced myofibroblast differentiation, implying the participation of multiple pathways in fibrosis formation. Conclusions: Microvascular ECs mediate ECM stiffness-induced pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation through paracrine signaling.
2023-07-18 | GSE237069 | GEO
Project description:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) consists of specific physical barriers, enzymes and transporters, which together maintain the necessary extracellular environment of the central nervous system (CNS). The main physical barrier is found in the CNS endothelial cell, and depends on continuous complexes of tight junctions combined with reduced vesicular transport. Other possible constituents of the BBB include extracellular matrix, astrocytes and pericytes, but the relative contribution of these different components to the BBB remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a direct role of pericytes at the BBB in vivo. Using a set of adult viable pericyte-deficient mouse mutants we show that pericyte deficiency increases the permeability of the BBB to water and a range of low-molecular-mass and high-molecular-mass tracers. The increased permeability occurs by endothelial transcytosis, a process that is rapidly arrested by the drug imatinib. Furthermore, we show that pericytes function at the BBB in at least two ways: by regulating BBB-specific gene expression patterns in endothelial cells, and by inducing polarization of astrocyte end-feet surrounding CNS blood vessels. Our results indicate a novel and critical role for pericytes in the integration of endothelial and astrocyte functions at the neurovascular unit, and in the regulation of the BBB. The brain microvascular fragments were isolated from mice with different genotypes, each represented by 3-4 biological replicates. Genotypes 1-2: Platelet derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) retention-motif knockout (pdgfbret/ret) represent the pericyte-deficient situation, and the heterozygous mice (pdgfbret/+) are used as controls. Genotypes 3-4: Hypomorphic PDGF-B mutants that rescue pdgfb-/- null mice, in which a one copy of a conditionally silent human PDGF-B transgene targeted to the Rosa 26 locus (R26P) is turned on by endothelial-specific expression of Cre recombinase. In this data set these mice are named as Tie2Cre, R26P+/0, pdgfb-/- (representing the pericyte-deficient situation). Mice wt for pdgfb (pdgfb+/+) and carrying one silent copy of R26P (R26P+/0), are used as controls. Genotype 5: Adult Notch3+/+ wildtype (WT).
2010-10-21 | E-GEOD-15892 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Sex Differences in Heart Mitochondria: Relationship to Diastolic Dysfunction
| PRJNA799318 | ENA
Project description:The microvasculature plays a key role in tissue perfusion, transport of mediators, and exchange of gases and metabolites to and from tissues. Microvascular dysfunction has emerged as an important contributor to cardiovascular diseases. In this study we used human blood vessel organoids (BVOs) as a model of the microvasculature to delineate the mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction caused by metabolic rewiring. BVOs fully recapitulated key features of the normal human microvasculature, including reliance of mature endothelial cells (ECs) on glycolytic metabolism, as concluded from metabolic flux assays using 13C-glucose labelling and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Pharmacological targeting of PFKFB3, a potent activator of glycolysis, with two different chemical inhibitors resulted in rapid BVO restructuring, vessel regression with reduced pericyte coverage. PFKFB3 mutant BVOs also displayed similar structural remodelling compared to control BVOs. Proteomic analysis of the BVO secretome revealed remodelling of the extracellular matrix and differential expression of paracrine mediators such as CTGF. Treatment with recombinant CTGF recovered tight junction formation and increased pericyte coverage in microvessels. Our metabolic and proteomics findings demonstrate that BVOs rapidly undergo restructuring in response to metabolic changes and identify CTGF as a critical paracrine regulator of microvascular integrity.
2023-09-13 | PXD041780 | Pride
Project description:Right ventricular failure (RVF) due to pressure load is a major cause of death in congenital heart diseases and pulmonary hypertension. The mechanisms of RVF are yet unknown. Research is hampered by the lack of a good RVF model. Our aim was to study the pathophysiology of RVF in a rat model of chronic pressure load. Wistar rats (n=19) were subjected to pulmonary artery banding (PAB, 1.1mm) or sham surgery (CON). All PAB rats developed RVF (reduced cardiac output, RV stroke volume, TAPSE, increased end diastolic pressure, all p<0.05 vs. CON) but clinical symptoms of RVF (inactivity, ruffled fur, dyspnea, ascites) necessitating termination ensued in a subset (5/12) of rats (RVF+) after a period of 52±5 days. Rats with RVF+ had significantly worse RV function and pericardial effusion and liver congestion compared to RVF rats without symptoms (all p<0.05), despite similar pressure load (p=NS RVF vs. RVF+). Chronic pulmonary artery banding invariably leads to RV failure in rats, and a subset transitions to advanced clinical RVF. RVF is characterized by enhanced contractility, progressive diastolic dysfunction and derangement of energy metabolism, thus improving diastolic function and targeting RV metabolism may be the keys to treating RVF. Total RNA optainded ( Heart) of 7 Controls ,5 RVF+ and 4 RVF samples where used for this array study
2014-12-08 | E-GEOD-46863 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:As part of genetic studies of heart failure in mice, we observed that heart mitochondrial DNA levels and function tend to be reduced in females as compared to males. We also observed that expression of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins were higher in males than females in human cohorts. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) exhibits a sex bias, being more common in women than men, and we hypothesized that mitochondrial sex differences might underlie this bias. We tested this in a panel of genetically diverse inbred strains of mice, termed the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP). Indeed, we found that mitochondrial gene expression was highly correlated with diastolic function, a key trait in HFpEF. Consistent with this, studies of a “two-hit” mouse model of HFpEF confirmed that mitochondrial function differed between sexes and was strongly associated with a number of HFpEF traits. By integrating data from human heart failure and the mouse HMDP cohort, we identified the mitochondrial protein Acsl6 as a genetic determinant of diastolic function. We validated its role in HFpEF using adenoviral over-expression in the heart. We conclude that sex differences in mitochondrial function underlie, in part, the sex bias in diastolic function.
2022-01-31 | GSE194151 | GEO
Project description:Lactylation-driven FTO-mediated vascular endothelial tip cell formation and its crosstalk with pericyte and microglia aggravate diabetes-induced microvascular dysfunction
| PRJNA971113 | ENA
Project description:Right ventricular failure (RVF) due to pressure load is a major cause of death in congenital heart diseases and pulmonary hypertension. The mechanisms of RVF are yet unknown. Research is hampered by the lack of a good RVF model. Our aim was to study the pathophysiology of RVF in a rat model of chronic pressure load. Wistar rats (n=19) were subjected to pulmonary artery banding (PAB, 1.1mm) or sham surgery (CON). All PAB rats developed RVF (reduced cardiac output, RV stroke volume, TAPSE, increased end diastolic pressure, all p<0.05 vs. CON) but clinical symptoms of RVF (inactivity, ruffled fur, dyspnea, ascites) necessitating termination ensued in a subset (5/12) of rats (RVF+) after a period of 52±5 days. Rats with RVF+ had significantly worse RV function and pericardial effusion and liver congestion compared to RVF rats without symptoms (all p<0.05), despite similar pressure load (p=NS RVF vs. RVF+). Chronic pulmonary artery banding invariably leads to RV failure in rats, and a subset transitions to advanced clinical RVF. RVF is characterized by enhanced contractility, progressive diastolic dysfunction and derangement of energy metabolism, thus improving diastolic function and targeting RV metabolism may be the keys to treating RVF.
2014-12-08 | GSE46863 | GEO