On the genetic basis of tail-loss evolution in humans and apes
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1059128 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR27394257_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR27394257_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR27394258_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR27394258_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR27394259_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The loss of the tail is one of the main anatomical evolutionary changes to have occurred along the lineage leading to humans and to the “anthropomorphous apes”. This morphological evolution in the ancestral hominoids has long been considered to have accommodated a characteristic style of locomotion and contributed to the evolution of bipedalism in humans. Yet, the genetic mechanism that facilitated tail-loss evolution in hominoids remains unknown. Primate genome sequencing projects have made possible the inference of causal links between genotypic and phenotypic changes, and enabled the search for hominoid-specific genetic elements controlling tail development. Here, we present evidence that an individual Alu element insertion in the genome of the hominoid ancestor may have contributed to tail-loss evolution. We demonstrate that this Alu element – inserted into an intron of the TBXT gene (also called T or Brachyury ) – pairs with a neighboring ancestral Alu element encoded in the reverse genomic orientation and leads to a hominoid-specific alternative splicing event. To study the effect of this splicing event, we generated multiple mouse models that express both full length and exon-skipped isoforms of mouse Tbxt, mimicking expression pattern of its hominoid ortholog TBXT. We found that mice expressing both Tbxt isoforms can exhibit a complete absence of the tail or a shortened tail, depending on the relative abundance of Tbxt isoforms expressed at the embryonic tail bud, supporting the notion that the exon-skipped transcript is sufficient to induce a tail-loss phenotype. We further noted that mice expressing the exon-skipped Tbxt isoform – both in heterozygous and homozygous forms – may develop a neural tube defect condition, which affects ~1/1,000 human neonates. We speculate that tail loss evolution along the hominoid lineage may be associated with an adaptive cost of potential neural tube defects that may continue to affect human health today.
2024-01-01 | GSE252196 | GEO
Project description:The loss of the tail is among the notable anatomical changes to have occurred along the evolutionary lineage leading to humans and to the “anthropomorphous apes”, with a hypothesized role in contributing to human bipedalism. Yet, the genetic mechanism that facilitated tail-loss evolution in hominoids remains unknown. Here, we present evidence that an individual insertion of an Alu element in the genome of the hominoid ancestor may have contributed to tail-loss evolution. We demonstrate that this Alu element – inserted into an intron of the TBXT gene – pairs with a neighboring ancestral Alu element encoded in the reverse genomic orientation and leads to a hominoid-specific alternative splicing event. To study the effect of this splicing event, we generated multiple mouse models that express both full-length and exon-skipped isoforms of mouse Tbxt, mimicking the expression pattern of its hominoid ortholog TBXT. We found that mice expressing both Tbxt isoforms can exhibit a complete absence of the tail or a shortened tail, depending on the relative abundance of Tbxt isoforms expressed at the embryonic tail bud, supporting the notion that the exon-skipped transcript is sufficient to induce a tail-loss phenotype. We further noted that mice expressing the exon-skipped Tbxt isoform may develop neural tube defects, a condition that affects ~1/1,000 neonates in human. Thus tail-loss evolution may have been associated with an adaptive cost of the potential for neural tube defects, which continue to affect human health today.
2024-01-01 | GSE252278 | GEO
Project description:On the genetic basis of tail-loss evolution in humans and apes [RNA-seq]
| PRJNA1058508 | ENA
Project description:On the genetic basis of tail-loss evolution in humans and apes [Capture-seq]
| PRJNA1059134 | ENA
Project description:The loss of the tail is among the most notable anatomical changes to have occurred along the evolutionary lineage leading to humans and to the 'anthropomorphous apes'1-3, with a proposed role in contributing to human bipedalism4-6. Yet, the genetic mechanism that facilitated tail-loss evolution in hominoids remains unknown. Here we present evidence that an individual insertion of an Alu element in the genome of the hominoid ancestor may have contributed to tail-loss evolution. We demonstrate that this Alu element-inserted into an intron of the TBXT gene7-9-pairs with a neighbouring ancestral Alu element encoded in the reverse genomic orientation and leads to a hominoid-specific alternative splicing event. To study the effect of this splicing event, we generated multiple mouse models that express both full-length and exon-skipped isoforms of Tbxt, mimicking the expression pattern of its hominoid orthologue TBXT. Mice expressing both Tbxt isoforms exhibit a complete absence of the tail or a shortened tail depending on the relative abundance of Tbxt isoforms expressed at the embryonic tail bud. These results support the notion that the exon-skipped transcript is sufficient to induce a tail-loss phenotype. Moreover, mice expressing the exon-skipped Tbxt isoform develop neural tube defects, a condition that affects approximately 1 in 1,000 neonates in humans10. Thus, tail-loss evolution may have been associated with an adaptive cost of the potential for neural tube defects, which continue to affect human health today.
| S-EPMC10901737 | biostudies-literature
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2024-01-01 | GSE252279 | GEO
Project description:Diversity of Entamoeba spp. in African Great Apes and Humans
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Project description:Understanding cellular and molecular differences between human and non-human primates (NHPs) is essential to the basic comprehension of the evolution and diversity of our own species. Until now, preserved tissues have been the main source of most comparative studies between humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). However, these tissue samples do not fairly represent the distinctive traits of live cell behavior, are not amenable to genetic manipulation and do not allow translation of observed differences into phenotypical divergence. We hypothesized that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide a unique biological resource to elucidate relevant phenotypical differences between human and the great apes and that those differences could have potential adaptation and speciation value. Here, we describe the generation and initial characterization of iPSCs from chimpanzees and bonobos as novel tools to explore our most recent evolution. Comparative gene expression analysis of human and NHP iPSCs revealed differences in regulation of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element (LINE-1 or L1) transposons. A force of change in mammalian evolution, L1 elements are retrotransposons that have remained active during primate evolution. We observed decreased levels of L1 restricting factors APOBEC3B (A3B)7 and PIWIL28 in NHP iPSCs which was correlated with increased human and chimpanzee L1 mobility and endogenous L1 mRNA levels. Moreover, results from manipulation of A3B and PIWIL2 levels in iPSCs suggested a causal inverse relationship between levels of these proteins and L1 activity. Finally, we found increased copy numbers of species-specific L1 elements in the genome of chimpanzees compared to humans, supporting the idea that increased L1 mobility in NHPs is not limited to iPSCs in culture and may have also occurred in the germline during primate evolution. We propose that differences in L1 mobility may have differentially shaped the genomes of humans and NHPs and could have had an adaptive significance.
2013-10-23 | GSE47626 | GEO
Project description:Differential LINE-1 retrotransposition in induced pluripotent stem cells between humans and great apes
| PRJNA206563 | ENA
Project description:Understanding cellular and molecular differences between human and non-human primates (NHPs) is essential to the basic comprehension of the evolution and diversity of our own species. Until now, preserved tissues have been the main source of most comparative studies between humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). However, these tissue samples do not fairly represent the distinctive traits of live cell behavior, are not amenable to genetic manipulation and do not allow translation of observed differences into phenotypical divergence. We hypothesized that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide a unique biological resource to elucidate relevant phenotypical differences between human and the great apes and that those differences could have potential adaptation and speciation value. Here, we describe the generation and initial characterization of iPSCs from chimpanzees and bonobos as novel tools to explore our most recent evolution. Comparative gene expression analysis of human and NHP iPSCs revealed differences in regulation of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element (LINE-1 or L1) transposons. A force of change in mammalian evolution, L1 elements are retrotransposons that have remained active during primate evolution. We observed decreased levels of L1 restricting factors APOBEC3B (A3B)7 and PIWIL28 in NHP iPSCs which was correlated with increased human and chimpanzee L1 mobility and endogenous L1 mRNA levels. Moreover, results from manipulation of A3B and PIWIL2 levels in iPSCs suggested a causal inverse relationship between levels of these proteins and L1 activity. Finally, we found increased copy numbers of species-specific L1 elements in the genome of chimpanzees compared to humans, supporting the idea that increased L1 mobility in NHPs is not limited to iPSCs in culture and may have also occurred in the germline during primate evolution. We propose that differences in L1 mobility may have differentially shaped the genomes of humans and NHPs and could have had an adaptive significance. polyA RNA-Seq profiling of iPS cells from human, chimpanzee, and bonobo, and small RNA-Seq profiling of human iPS cells.
2013-10-23 | E-GEOD-47626 | biostudies-arrayexpress