Defining the mechanisms and properties of post-transcriptional regulatory disordered regions by high-throughput functional profiling
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1070666 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Disordered regions within RNA binding proteins are required to control mRNA decay and protein synthesis. To understand how these disordered regions modulate gene expression, we surveyed regulatory activity across the entire disordered proteome using a high-throughput functional assay. We identified hundreds of regulatory sequences within intrinsically disordered regions and demonstrate how these elements cooperate with core mRNA decay machinery to promote transcript turnover. Coupling high-throughput functional profiling with mutational scanning revealed diverse molecular features, ranging from defined motifs to overall sequence composition, underlying the regulatory effects of disordered peptides. Machine learning analysis implicated aromatic residues in particular contexts as critical determinants of repressor activity, consistent with their roles in forming protein-protein interactions with downstream effectors. Our results define the molecular principles and biochemical mechanisms that govern post-transcriptional gene regulation by disordered regions and exemplify the encoding of diverse yet specific functions in the absence of well-defined structure.
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2018-09-13 | PXD010061 | Pride
Project description:Mutations in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins are associated with a wide spectrum of diseases. Since IDRs lack a fixed three-dimensional structure, the molecular mechanism by which such mutations cause disease is often unknown. Here, we employ a peptide-based proteomic screen to investigate the impact of mutations in IDRs on protein-protein interactions. We find that mutations in disordered cytosolic regions of three transmembrane proteins (GLUT1, ITPR1 and CACNA1H) lead to an increased binding of clathrin. In all three cases, the mutation creates a dileucine motif known to mediate clathrin-dependent trafficking. Follow-up experiments on full length GLUT1 (SLC2A1), the glucose transporter causative of GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, revealed that the mutated protein mislocalizes to intracellular compartments in a model cell line and in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Mutant GLUT1 interacts with adaptor proteins (APs) in vitro, and knocking-down AP-2 reverts the cellular mislocalization. A systematic analysis of other known disease-causing variants revealed a significant and specific overrepresentation of gained dileucine motifs in structurally disordered cytosolic domains of transmembrane proteins. Thus, several mutations in disordered regions appear to cause “dileucineopathies”.
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Project description:Many disease-causing missense mutations affect intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins. Since these mutations do not affect protein structure, the molecular mechanism of their pathogenicity is enigmatic. Here, we employ a peptide-based proteomic screen to investigate the impact of mutations in IDRs on protein-protein interactions. We find that mutations in disordered cytosolic regions of three transmembrane proteins (GLUT1, ITPR1 and CACNA1H) lead to an increased binding of clathrin. In all three cases, the mutation creates a dileucine motif known to mediate clathrin-dependent trafficking. Follow-up experiments on full length GLUT1 (SLC2A1), the glucose transporter causative of GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, revealed that the mutated protein mislocalizes to intracellular compartments in a model cell line and in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Mutant GLUT1 interacts with adaptor proteins (APs) in vitro, and knocking-down AP-2 reverts the cellular mislocalization. A systematic analysis of other known disease-causing variants revealed a significant and specific overrepresentation of gained dileucine motifs in structurally disordered cytosolic domains of transmembrane proteins. Thus, several mutations in disordered regions appear to cause “dileucineopathies”.
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Project description:BRCA1/BARD1 is a tumor suppressor E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase with roles in DNA damage repair and in transcriptional regulation. BRCA1/BARD1 RING domains interact with nucleosomes to facilitate mono-ubiquitylation of distinct residues on the C-terminal tail of histone H2A. These enzymatic domains constitute a small fraction of the heterodimer, raising the possibility of functional chromatin interactions involving other regions such as the BARD1 C-terminal domains that bind nucleosomes containing the DNA damage signal H2A K15-Ub and H4 K20me0, or portions of the expansive intrinsically disordered regions found in both subunits. Herein, we reveal novel interactions that support robust H2A ubiquitylation activity mediated through a high-affinity, intrinsically disordered DNA-binding region of BARD1. These interactions support BRCA1/BARD1 recruitment to chromatin and sites of DNA damage in cells and contribute to their survival. We also reveal distinct BRCA1/BARD1 complexes that depend on the presence of H2A K15-Ub, including a complex where a single BARD1 subunit spans adjacent nucleosome units. Our findings identify an extensive network of multivalent BARD1-nucleosome interactions that serve as a platform for BRCA1/BARD1-associated functions on chromatin.
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Project description:Intrinsically Disordered Regions (IDRs) are enriched in disease-linked proteins known to have multiple post-translational modifications, but there is limited in vivo information about how locally unfolded protein regions contribute to biological functions. We reasoned that IDRs should be more accessible to targeted in vivo biotinylation than ordered protein regions, if they retain their flexibility in vivo. Indeed, we observed increased biotinylation density in predicted IDRs in several cellular compartments >20 000 biotin sites from four human proximity proteomics studies. We show that in a biotin ‘painting’ time course experiment biotinylation events in Escherichia coli ribosomes progress from unfolded and exposed regions at 10 seconds, to structured and less accessible regions after five minutes. We conclude that biotin proximity tagging favours sites of local disorder in proteins and suggest the possibility of using biotin ‘painting’ as a method to gain unique insights into in vivo condition-dependent subcellular plasticity of proteins.
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Project description:Many of the disease-causing point mutations occur within structure-lacking intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins. IDRs often contain short linear motifs (SLiMs) that are crucial for protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and are often subject to phosphorylation. Our approach involved immobilizing synthetic peptides representing mutated phosphorylation sites within the IDR regions onto cellulose membranes to capture interacting proteins from cellular extracts. This enabled simultaneous comparison of interaction partners between wild-type, phosphorylated, and mutated peptide forms, allowing functional assessment of individual mutations. We screened 36 disease-causing phosphorylation site mutations within IDRs, sourced from PTMVar database. The results revealed substantial differences between phosphorylated and mutated peptide interactomes, often due to disrupted phosphorylated SLiMs
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2019-05-16 | GSE116592 | GEO
Project description:Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are abundant within eukaryotic proteins, but their sequence-function relationship remains poorly understood. IDRs of transcription factors (TFs) can direct promoter selection and recruit coactivators, as exemplified by the budding-yeast TF- Msn2. To examine how low-complexity IDRs encode multiple functions, we compared genomic binding preferences, gene induction, and coactivator recruitment amongst a large set of designed Mns2-IDR mutants. We show that multiple regions across the >500AA IDR contribute to both functions. Yet, transcription activity was readily disrupted by variants having no consequences on Msn2 binding. Our data attribute this differential sensitivity to the integration of relaxed, composition-based code directing binding preferences with a more stringent, motif-based code controlling the recruitment of coactivators and transcription activity. Interwoven sequence grammar may present a general paradigm through which low-complexity IDRs encode multiple functions.
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