Project description:Multiple Sclerosis is a neurogenerative disease, where inflammation plays an essential role and the loss of tolerance for self produces proteins is a key feature. To investigate the autoimmune response, we use serum from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced rats and investigate autoantibody chance in connection with induced disease and treatment with Etomoxir or Interferon-beta. Several significant differences in suggested antigens were identified comparing healthy, diseased and treated groups, suggesting a role of these antigens in the progression of Multiple Sclerosis.
Project description:We report the genome sequence of bacteriophage U136B, which is reliant on the lipopolysaccharide and the antibiotic efflux protein TolC for infection of Escherichia coli and is a useful model for studying trade-offs and trade-ups that shape evolution. Phage U136B has a 49,233-bp genome with 87 predicted genes.
Project description:Bacteriophage PGT2 was isolated from horse feces by using an uncharacterized Escherichia coli strain, 7s, isolated from the same sample as the host. Bacteriophage PGT2 and a related phage, phiKT, which was previously isolated from the same source, are likely to represent a new genus within the Autographivirinae subfamily of the Podoviridae family of viruses.
Project description:We present the annotated genome sequence of Escherichia coli bacteriophage U115, a T4-like bacteriophage. Phage U115 has a genome length of 166,986 bp and has 286 predicted genes.
Project description:Phage T4 is among the best-characterized biological systems (S. Kanamaru and F. Arisaka, Seikagaku 74:131-135, 2002; E. S. Miller et al., Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 67:86-156, 2003; W. B. Wood and H. R. Revel, Bacteriol. Rev. 40:847-868, 1976). To date, several genomes of T4-like bacteriophages are available in public databases but without any APEC bacteriophages (H. Jiang et al., Arch. Virol. 156:1489-1492, 2011; L. Kaliniene, V. Klausa, A. Zajanckauskaite, R. Nivinskas, and L. Truncaite, Arch. Virol. 156:1913-1916, 2011; J. H. Kim et al., Vet. Microbiol. 157:164-171, 2012; W. C. Liao et al., J. Virol. 85:6567-6578, 2011). We isolated a bacteriophage from a duck factory, named HX01, that infects avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Sequence and morphological analyses revealed that phage HX01 is a T4-like bacteriophage and belongs to the family Myoviridae. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of phage HX01 and report the results of our analysis.
Project description:As the demand for bacteriophage (phage) therapy increases due to antibiotic resistance in microbial pathogens, strategies and methods for increased efficiency, large-scale phage production need to be determined. To date, very little has been published on how to establish scalable production for phages, while achieving and maintaining a high titer in an economical manner. The present work outlines a phage production strategy using an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-targeting phage, 'Phage75', and accounts for the following variables: infection load, multiplicity of infection, temperature, media composition, harvest time, and host bacteria. To streamline this process, variables impacting phage propagation were screened through a high-throughput assay monitoring optical density at 600 nm (OD600) to indirectly infer phage production from host cell lysis. Following screening, propagation conditions were translated in a scalable fashion in shake flasks at 0.01 L, 0.1 L, and 1 L. A final, proof-of-concept production was then carried out in a CellMaker bioreactor to represent practical application at an industrial level. Phage titers were obtained in the range of 9.5-10.1 log10 PFU/mL with no significant difference between yields from shake flasks and CellMaker. Overall, this suggests that the methodology for scalable processing is reliable for translating into large-scale phage production.
Project description:Here, we present the genome sequence of the Escherichia coli bacteriophage UFV-AREG1. This phage was isolated from cowshed wastewater and showed specificity for enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895), E. coli 0111 (CDC O11ab) and E. coli (ATCC 23229).
Project description:SignificanceSome viruses that infect bacteria, temperate bacteriophages, can confer immunity to infection by the same virus. Here we report λ-immune bacteria could protect λ-sensitive bacteria from killing by phage λ in mixed culture. The protection depended on the extent to which the immune bacteria were able to adsorb the phage. Reconciling modeling with experiment led to identifying a decline in protection as bacteria stopped growing. Adsorption of λ was compromised by inhibition of bacterial energy metabolism, explaining the loss of protection as bacterial growth ceased.
Project description:We present the annotated genome sequence of Escherichia coli bacteriophage 107, a T4-like bacteriophage. Phage 107 has a genome length of 167,509 bp and 287 predicted genes.
Project description:In bacteria, Hfq is a core RNA chaperone that catalyzes the interaction of mRNAs with regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs). To determine in vivo RNA sequence requirements for Hfq interactions, and to study riboregulation in a bacterial pathogen, Hfq was UV crosslinked to RNAs in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Hfq bound repeated trinucleotide motifs of A-R-N (A-A/G-any nucleotide) often associated with the Shine-Dalgarno translation initiation sequence in mRNAs. These motifs overlapped or were adjacent to the mRNA sequences bound by sRNAs. In consequence, sRNA-mRNA duplex formation will displace Hfq, promoting recycling. Fifty-five sRNAs were identified within bacteriophage-derived regions of the EHEC genome, including some of the most abundant Hfq-interacting sRNAs. One of these (AgvB) antagonized the function of the core genome regulatory sRNA, GcvB, by mimicking its mRNA substrate sequence. This bacteriophage-encoded "anti-sRNA" provided EHEC with a growth advantage specifically in bovine rectal mucus recovered from its primary colonization site in cattle.