Motility-activating mutations upstream of flhDC reduce acid shock survival of Escherichia coli
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1081798 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Many neutralophilic bacterial species try to evade acid stress with an escape strategy, which is reflected in the increased expression of genes coding for flagellar components. Extremely acid-tolerant bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, survive the strong acid stress, e.g. in the stomach of vertebrates. Recently, we were able to show that the induction of motility genes in E. coli is strictly dependent on the degree of acid stress, i.e. they are induced under mild acid stress but not under severe acid stress. However, it was not known to what extent fine-tuned expression of motility genes is related to fitness and the ability to survive periods of acid shock. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of FlhDC, the master regulator of flagellation, is inversely correlated with acid shock survival of E. coli. We encountered this phenomenon when analyzing mutants from the Keio collection in which the expression of flhDC was altered by an IS element. These results suggest a fitness trade-off between acid tolerance and motility.
2024-04-14 | GSE260455 | GEO
Project description:Many neutralophilic bacterial species try to evade acid stress with an escape strategy, which is reflected in the increased expression of genes coding for flagellar components. Extremely acid-tolerant bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, survive the strong acid stress, e.g., in the stomach of vertebrates. Recently, we were able to show that the induction of motility genes in E. coli is strictly dependent on the degree of acid stress, i.e., they are induced under mild acid stress but not under severe acid stress. However, it was not known to what extent fine-tuned expression of motility genes is related to fitness and the ability to survive periods of acid shock. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of FlhDC, the master regulator of flagellation, is inversely correlated with the acid shock survival of E. coli. We encountered this phenomenon when analyzing mutants from the Keio collection, in which the expression of flhDC was altered by an insertion sequence element. These results suggest a fitness trade-off between acid tolerance and motility.IMPORTANCEEscherichia coli is extremely acid-resistant, which is crucial for survival in the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates. Recently, we systematically studied the response of E. coli to mild and severe acidic conditions using Ribo-Seq and RNA-Seq. We found that motility genes are induced at pH 5.8 but not at pH 4.4, indicating stress-dependent synthesis of flagellar components. In this study, we demonstrate that motility-activating mutations upstream of flhDC, encoding the master regulator of flagella genes, reduce the ability of E. coli to survive periods of acid shock. Furthermore, we show an inverse correlation between motility and acid survival using a chromosomal isopropyl β-D-thio-galactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible flhDC promoter and by sampling differentially motile subpopulations from swim agar plates. These results reveal a previously undiscovered trade-off between motility and acid tolerance and suggest a differentiation of E. coli into motile and acid-tolerant subpopulations, driven by the integration of insertion sequence elements.
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Project description:Expression and use of motility genes is a potentially beneficial but costly process in bacteria. Interestingly, many isolate strains of Escherichia coli possess motility genes but have lost the ability to activate them in conditions in which motile cells are advantageous, raising the question of how they respond to these situations. Through transcriptome profiling of strains in the E. coli single-gene knockout Keio collection, we noticed drastic upregulation of motility genes in many of the deletion strains as compared to its typically non-motile parent strain (BW25113). This switch to a motile phenotype is not a direct consequence of the genes deleted, but is instead due to a variety of secondary mutations that increase the synthesis of the major motility regulator, FlhDC. We found that a phenotypic switch to motility at a population level can be induced in non-motile E. coli strains by incubation in non-shaking liquid medium overnight but not in shaking media. Individual isolates after the overnight incubation acquired distinct mutations upstream of the flhDC operon, including different insertion sequence (IS) elements and, to a lesser extent, point mutations. The rapid sweep in the non-shaking population shows that non-motile strains without existing regulatory mechanisms can quickly adapt to a motile lifestyle by quickly acquired genetic changes.
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Project description:We provide an experimental demonstration of positive rheotaxis (rapid and continuous upstream motility) in wild-type Escherichia coli freely swimming over a surface. This hydrodynamic phenomenon is dominant below a critical shear rate and robust against Brownian motion and cell tumbling. We deduce that individual bacteria entering a flow system can rapidly migrate upstream (>20 ?m/s) much faster than a gradually advancing biofilm. Given a bacterial population with a distribution of sizes and swim speeds, local shear rate near the surface determines the dominant hydrodynamic mode for motility, i.e., circular or random trajectories for low shear rates, positive rheotaxis for moderate flow, and sideways swimming at higher shear rates. Faster swimmers can move upstream more rapidly and at higher shear rates, as expected. Interestingly, we also find on average that both swim speed and upstream motility are independent of cell aspect ratio.
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Project description:Mitochondria control bioenergetics and cell fate decisions, but whether they also participate in extra-organelle signaling is not understood. Here, we show that interference with cyclophilin D (CypD), a mitochondrial matrix protein and apoptosis regulator, causes accelerated cell proliferation and enhanced cell migration and invasion. These responses are associated with global transcriptional changes in CypD-/- cells, predominantly affecting chemokines and their receptors, and resulting in increased activating phosphorylation of Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). In turn, STAT3 signaling promotes increased proliferation of CypD-/- cells via accelerated S-phase entry and supports Cxcl12-directed paracrine cell motility. Therefore, mitochondria-to-nuclei transcriptional signaling globally affects cell division and motility. As immunosuppressive therapies often target CypD, this pathway may predispose the tissue microenvironment of these patients to oncogenic transformation.
2013-03-08 | GSE41280 | GEO