Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1101545 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Coral reefs are declining globally. Temperature anomalies disrupt coral-algal symbioses at the molecular level, causing bleaching and mortality events. In terrestrial mutualisms, diversity in pairings of host and symbiont individuals (genotypes) results in ecologically and evolutionarily relevant stress response differences. The extent to which such intraspecific diversity provides functional variation in coral-algal systems is unknown. Here we assessed functional diversity among unique pairings of coral and algal individuals (holobionts). We targeted six genetically distinct Acropora palmata coral colonies that all associated with a single, clonal Symbiodinium ‘fitti’ strain in a natural common garden. No other species of algae or other strains of S. ‘fitti’ could be detected in host tissues. When colony branches were experimentally exposed to cold stress, host genotype influenced the photochemical efficiency of the symbiont strain, buffering the stress response to varying degrees. Gene expression differences among host individuals with buffered vs. non-buffered symbiont responses included biochemical pathways that mediate iron availability and oxygen stress signaling—critical components of molecular interactions with photosynthetic symbionts. Spawning patterns among hosts reflected symbiont performance differences under stress. These data are some of the first to indicate that genetic interactions below the species level affect coral holobiont performance. Intraspecific diversity serves as an important but overlooked source of physiological variation in this system, contributing raw material available to natural selection. Note: in the final publication, only ambient and cold treatments are discussed, but there was an additional hot treatment for each genotype at 34C. Most colonies expired after 6 hours, so PAM data could not be collected. The microarray data from 3.5 hours are included here.
2015-10-01 | GSE50926 | GEO
Project description:A mutualistic relationship between reef-building corals and endosymbiotic algae (Symbiodinium spp.) forms the basis for the existence of coral reefs. Genotyping tools for Symbiodinium spp. have added a new level of complexity to studies concerning cnidarian growth, nutrient acquisition, and stress. For example, the response of the coral holobiont to thermal stress is connected to the host-Symbiodinium genotypic combination, as different partnerships can have different bleaching susceptibilities. If, and to what extent, differences in algal symbiont clade contents can exert effects on the coral host transcriptome is currently unknown. In this study, we monitored algal physiological parameters and profiled the coral host transcriptional responses in acclimated, thermally stressed, and recovered coral fragments using a custom cDNA gene expression microarray. Combining these analyses with results from algal and host genotyping revealed a striking symbiont effect on both the acclimated coral host transcriptome and the magnitude of the thermal stress response. This is the first study that links coral host transcriptomic patterns to the clade content of their algal symbiont community. Our data provide a critical step to elucidating the molecular basis of the apparent variability seen among different coral-algal partnerships.
2009-05-31 | GSE15253 | GEO
Project description:The emergence of genomic tools for reef-building corals and symbiotic anemones comes at a time when alarming losses in coral cover are being observed worldwide. These tools hold great promise in elucidating novel and unforeseen cellular processes underlying the successful mutualism between corals and their algal endosymbionts (Symbiodinium spp.). Since thermal stress triggers a breakdown in the symbiosis (coral bleaching), measuring the transcriptomic response to thermal stress-induced bleaching offers an extraordinary view of the cellular processes specific to coral-algal symbioses. In the present study, we utilized a cDNA microarray containing 2,059 genes of the Caribbean Elkhorn coral Acropora palmata to identify genes differentially expressed upon thermal stress. Fragments from four separate colonies were exposed to elevated temperature (3˚C increase) for two days, and samples were frozen for microarray analysis after 24 and 48 hours. Fragments experienced a 60% reduction in algal cell density after two days. 204 genes were differentially expressed in samples collected one day after thermal stress; in samples collected after two days, 104 genes. Annotations of the differentially expressed genes indicate a conserved cellular stress response in A. palmata involving: 1) growth arrest; 2) chaperone activity; 3) nucleic acid stabilization and repair; and 4) the removal of damaged macromolecules. Other differentially expressed processes include sensory perception, metabolite transfer between host and symbiont, nitric oxide signaling, and modifications to the actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. The results are also compared to those from a previous coral microarray study of thermal stress in Montastraea faveolata.
2009-10-31 | GSE16151 | GEO
Project description:Given the overwhelming evidence that symbiont genotypes differentially affect host processes such as growth, bleaching susceptibility, and nutrient acquisition, we set out to measure gene expression differences in fragments of Montastraea faveolata harboring two different clades of Symbiodinium. On the reefs near Puerto Morelos, México, colonies of M. faveolata are known to shift algal symbiont clade with depth, often associating with clade A at the top, clade B in the middle, and clade C near the bottom of the colony. By measuring photosynthetic efficiency and gene expression in control and heat-stressed fragments containing either clade B, clade C, or a mix of both, we found that: 1) the algal response to thermal stress is due to both host and algal factors; 2) fragments of M. faveolata express different genes in response to sub-bleaching thermal stress depending on algal genotype; 3) the overall effect of heat stress on coral gene expression is less significant than the effect of housing different zooxanthellae types. Overall, we present convincing evidence that different Symbiodinium clades may be functionally distinct, which in turn, greatly influences host gene expression.
2009-05-31 | GSE12809 | GEO
Project description:Among the diverse forms of symbioses, facultative nutritional mutualism forged by the host and its resident gut microbiota permits the symbiont to adapt to the changing nutritional environment during the host’s life time. The horizontally acquired gut bacteria in Drosophila are a perfect example of nutritional mutualists. Here, we study the Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp WJL) infection effect in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) collection in context of larvae raised in chronic undernutrtion.
2019-05-29 | E-MTAB-6518 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Legumes establish nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with beneficial rhizobia. On the other hand, they might be attacked concomitantly by pathogens raising the question of potential trade-off between mutualism and immunity. Here, using a tripartite system involving the model legume Lotus japonicus, its rhizobial symbiont Mesorhizobium loti and the soil-borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum we investigated such trade-offs. We found that interaction with M. loti increases plant resistance against the pathogen without impairing mutualism. Genetic and proteomics characterisation indicate that Lotus resistance is mediated by Effector Triggered Immunity and is associated with distinct proteome modifications in roots and nodules. The inoculation of rhizobia, even if they are not mutualist, increases plant resistance. Our results question the concept of interference between efficient defense reactions and mutualistic interactions and is of great interest for agricultural purposes as it not only restricts pathogen colonisation but would also preserve nitrogen fixation and yield.
2024-01-30 | PXD048803 | Pride
Project description:Plants establish mutualistic association with beneficial microbes while deploy the immune system to defend against pathogens. Little is known about the interplay between mutualism and immunity and about the mediator molecules. Here we show that plants respond differently to a bacterial volatile compound through integral modulation of the immune system and the phosphate starvation response (PSR) system, resulting in either mutualism or immunity. We found that the same exposure of a recognized plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium unexpectedly causes either beneficial or deleterious effects to plants. The beneficial-to-deleterious transition is dependent on plant nutrition of phosphorus (P) and is mediated by diacetyl (DA), a bacterial volatile compound. In P-sufficient plants, DA partially suppresses plant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhances symbiont colonization without compromising disease resistance. In P-deficient plants, DA elevates phytohormone-mediated immunity and consequently causes plant hypersensitivity to P deficiency. Therefore, DA affects the types of relation between plants and certain rhizobacteria in a way that depends on plant PSR system and phytohormone-mediated immunity.
2019-12-03 | GSE138478 | GEO
Project description:Symbiosis is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, and these inter-species interactions have a massive impact on organisms, shaping the world around us today. The relationship between the partners in microbial symbioses have been described as existing along a parasitism-mutualism continuum, and the dynamics of this continuum are dependent upon numerous genotypic and environmental factors. Theoretical and experimental studies show that vertical transmission (VT) leads to the evolution of mutualistic traits, whereas horizontal transmission (HT) facilitates the emergence of parasitic features. However, these studies focused on phenotypic data, and we know little about underlying molecular changes at the genomic level. Here we show that a dramatic shift in the frequency of genetic variants, coupled with major changes in gene expression, allow an obligate intracellular bacterial symbiont to alter its position in the mutualism-parasitism continuum depending on the mode of between-host transmission. We found that increased virulence in horizontally transmitted chlamydiae residing in amoebae was a result of processes occurring at the infectious stage of the chlamydia’s developmental cycle. Specifically, genes involved in energy production required for extracellular survival as well as the type III secretion system (T3SS) - the symbiont’s primary virulence mechanism - were significantly upregulated. Our results identify the genomic and transcriptomic dynamics sufficient to favor parasitic or mutualistic strategies.
2020-01-20 | GSE138099 | GEO
Project description:Corals rely on a symbiosis with dinoflagellate algae (Symbiodinium spp.) to thrive in nutrient poor tropical oceans. However, the coral-algal symbiosis can break down during bleaching events, potentially leading to coral death. While genome-wide expression studies have shown the genes associated with the breakdown of this partnership, the full conglomerate of genes responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a healthy symbiosis remains unknown. Results from previous studies suggested little transcriptomic change associated with the establishment of symbiosis. In order to elucidate the transcriptomic response of the coral host in the presence of its associated symbiont, we utilized a comparative framework. Post-metamorphic aposymbiotic coral polyps of Orbicella faveolata were compared to symbiotic coral polyps 9 days after metamorphosis and the subsequent differential gene expression between control and treatment was quantified using cDNA microarray technology. Coral polyps exhibited differential expression of genes associated with nutrient metabolism and development, providing insight into pathways turned as a result of symbiosis driving early polyp growth. Furthermore, genes associated with lysosomal fusion were also upregulated, suggesting host regulation of symbiont densities soon after infection.
2016-12-22 | GSE92695 | GEO