Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1102443 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Library-based single-cell analysis of CAR signaling reveals drivers of in vivo persistence
| PRJNA1103794 | ENA
Project description:In vivo persistence of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells correlates with therapeutic efficacy, yet CAR-specific factors that support persistence are not well resolved. Using a CAR containing a single chain variable fragment (scFv) specific for CD33 linked to a 4-1BB and CD3 zeta signaling domain that is currently in advanced clinical trials, we show that CAR-expression, in a ligand-independent manner, alters T cell differentiation during ex vivo expansion. CAR-transduced T cells displayed decreased naïve and stem memory populations and increased effector subsets relative to vector-transduced control cells, and this was associated with reduced in vivo persistence. Altered persistence was not due to antigen specificity or tumor presence, but was linked to tonic signaling through the CAR, most notably CD3 zeta ITAMs, prior to transfer. We identified the PI3K/AKT pathway in CD33 CAR T cells as responsible. Treatment with a PI3K inhibitor modulated the differentiation program of CAR T cells, preserved a less differentiated state without affecting T cell expansion, and improved in vivo persistence relative to control cells. These results help resolve mechanisms by which tonic signaling modulates CAR T cell fate, and identifies a novel pharmacologic approach to enhance the durability of CAR T cells for cell-based immunotherapy.
2018-05-17 | GSE93386 | GEO
Project description:Chimeric antigen receptor–T (CAR-T) cell therapies can eliminate relapsed and refractory tumors, but the durability of antitumor activity requires in vivo persistence. Differential signaling through the CAR costimulatory domain can alter the T cell metabolism, memory differentiation, and influence long-term persistence. CAR-T cells costimulated with 4-1BB or ICOS persist in xenograft models but those constructed with CD28 exhibit rapid clearance. Here, we show that a single amino acid residue in CD28 drove T cell exhaustion and hindered the persistence of CD28-based CAR-T cells and changing this asparagine to phenylalanine (CD28-YMFM) promoted durable antitumor control. In addition, CD28-YMFM CAR-T cells exhibited reduced T cell differentiation and exhaustion as well as increased skewing toward Th17 cells. Reciprocal modification of ICOS-containing CAR-T cells abolished in vivo persistence and antitumor activity. This finding suggests modifications to the costimulatory domains of CAR-T cells can enable longer persistence and thereby improve antitumor response.
2020-02-11 | GSE145007 | GEO
Project description:Due to the low-throughput process of systematically designing and functionally testing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), only a small set of immune signaling domains have been thoroughly explored, despite their major role in T cell activation, effector function and persistence. SpeedingCARs presents an integrated method for engineering CAR T cells by signaling domain shuffling and functional screening by single-cell sequencing. Leveraging the inherent modularity of natural signaling domains, we generated a diverse library of 180 unique CAR variants, which were genomically integrated into primary human T cells by CRISPR-Cas9. Functional and pooled screening of the CAR T cell library was performed by co-culture with tumor cells, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell CAR sequencing (scCAR-seq), thus enabling high-throughput profiling of multi-dimensional cellular responses.
2022-10-03 | GSE214231 | GEO
Project description:Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells represent a promising approach for cancer treatment, yet challenges remain such as limited efficacy due to a lack of T cell persistence. Given its critical role in promoting and modulating T cell responses, it is crucial to understand how alterations in the CAR signaling architecture influence T cell function. Here, we designed a combinatorial CAR signaling domain library and performed repeated antigen stimulation assays, pooled screening and single-cell sequencing to investigate T-cell responses triggered by different CAR architectures. Parallel comparisons of CAR variants, at early, middle and late timepoints during chronic antigen stimulation systematically assessed the impact of modifying signaling domains on T cell activation and persistence. Our data reveal the predominant influence of membrane-proximal domains in driving T cell phenotype. Additionally, we highlight the critical role of CD40 costimulation in promoting potent and persistent T cell responses, followed by CTLA4, which induces a long-term cytotoxic phenotype. This work deepens the understanding of CAR T cell biology and may be used to guide the future engineering of CAR T cell therapies.
2024-12-31 | GSE262686 | GEO
Project description:Despite the revolutionary achievements of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in treating cancers, especially leukemia, several significant challenges still limit its therapeutic efficacy. Of particular relevance is the relapse of cancer in large part, as a result of exhaustion and short persistence of CAR-T cells in vivo. IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) is a critical modulator of the strength of TCR signaling, while its role in CAR signaling is unknown. By electroporation of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex into CAR-T cells, we successfully deleted ITK in CD19-CAR-T cells with high efficiency. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses revealed down-regulation of exhaustion and up-regulation of memory gene signatures in ITK-deficient CD19-CAR-T cells. Our results further demonstrated a significant reduction of T cell exhaustion and enhancement of T cell memory, with significant improvement of CAR-T cell expansion and persistence both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ITK-deficient CD19-CAR-T cells showed better control of tumor relapse. Our work provides a promising strategy of targeting ITK to develop sustainable CAR-T products for clinical use.
2024-11-20 | GSE278612 | GEO
Project description:Despite the revolutionary achievements of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in treating cancers, especially leukemia, several significant challenges still limit its therapeutic efficacy. Of particular relevance is the relapse of cancer in large part, as a result of exhaustion and short persistence of CAR-T cells in vivo. IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) is a critical modulator of the strength of TCR signaling, while its role in CAR signaling is unknown. By electroporation of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex into CAR-T cells, we successfully deleted ITK in CD19-CAR-T cells with high efficiency. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses revealed down-regulation of exhaustion and up-regulation of memory gene signatures in ITK-deficient CD19-CAR-T cells. Our results further demonstrated a significant reduction of T cell exhaustion and enhancement of T cell memory, with significant improvement of CAR-T cell expansion and persistence both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ITK-deficient CD19-CAR-T cells showed better control of tumor relapse. Our work provides a promising strategy of targeting ITK to develop sustainable CAR-T products for clinical use.
2024-11-20 | GSE278601 | GEO
Project description:CD19-targeted CAR therapies have successfully treated B cell leukemias, but many responders later relapse or experience toxicities. CAR ICDs are key to converting antigen recognition into anti-tumor effector functions. Despite the many possible immune signaling domain combinations that could be included in CARs, almost all CARs currently rely upon CD3, CD28, and/or 4-1BB signaling. To explore the signaling potential of CAR ICDs, we generated a library of 700,000 CD19 CAR molecules with diverse signaling domains and developed a high throughput screening platform to enable optimization of CAR signaling for anti-tumor functions. Our strategy identifies CARs with novel signaling domains that elicit distinct T cell behaviors from a clinically available CAR, including enhanced proliferation and persistence, lower exhaustion, potent cytotoxicity in an in vitro tumor rechallenge condition, and comparable tumor control in vivo. This approach is readily adaptable to numerous disease models, cell types, and selection conditions, making it a promising tool for rapidly improving adoptive cell therapies and expanding their utility to new disease indications.
2021-07-13 | GSE179767 | GEO
Project description:The anti-tumor function of engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is dependent on signals transduced through intracellular signaling domains (ICDs). Different ICDs are known to drive distinct phenotypes, but systematic investigations into how ICD architectures direct T cell function—particularly at the molecular level—are lacking. Here, we use single-cell sequencing to map diverse signaling inputs to transcriptional outputs, focusing on a defined library of clinically relevant ICD architectures. Informed by these observations, we functionally characterize transcriptionally distinct ICD variants across various contexts to build comprehensive maps from ICD composition to phenotypic output. We identify a unique tonic signaling signature associated with a subset of ICD architectures that drives durable in vivo persistence and efficacy in liquid, but not solid, tumors. Our findings work toward decoding CAR signaling design principles, with implications for the rational design of next-generation ICD architectures optimized for in vivo function.
2024-07-13 | GSE264681 | GEO
Project description:The excessive cytokine release and limited persistence represent major obstacles to successful chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in solid tumors. Conventional CARs employ an intracellular domain (ICD) from the ζ chain of CD3 as a signaling module, and it is largely unknown how alternative CD3 chains potentially contribute to CAR design. Here, we obtained a series of CAR-T cells against HER2 and mesothelin using a domain containing one immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif from different CD3 subunits as the ICD of CARs. While these reconstituted CARs conferred sufficient antigen-specific cytolytic activity on equipped T cells, they elicited low tonic signal, ameliorated CAR-T cell exhaustion and facilitated memory differentiation. Intriguingly, the CD3ε-derived ICD outperformed others in generation of CAR-T cells that produced minimized cytokines. Mechanistically, CD3ε-based CARs displayed a restrained cytomembrane expression on engineered T cells, which was ascribed to endoplasmic reticulum retention mediated by the carboxyl terminal basic residues. The present study demonstrated the applicability of CAR reconstitution using signaling modules from different CD3 subunits, and depicted a novel pattern of CAR expression that reduces cytokine release, thus paving a way for generation of CAR-T cells with improved safety and persistence against diverse tumor antigens.
2025-01-22 | GSE281230 | GEO