TOR balances plant growth and cold tolerance by orchestrating amino acid-derived metabolism in tomato
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1108424 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a central signaling hub that plays a crucial role in precisely orchestrating plant growth and development. It is increasingly evident that TOR also has a significant impact on plant stress responses. This suggests that TOR is intricately involved in maintaining the balance between plant growth and stress responses. Nevertheless, despite the observed effects, the specific mechanisms through which TOR operates in these processes remain obscure. In this study, we investigated how the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) TOR (SlTOR) affects plant growth and cold responses. We demonstrated that the inhibition of SlTOR transcriptionally primes cold stress responses, consequently enhancing tomato cold tolerance. Furthermore, a widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed the disruption of amino acid metabolism homeostasis under cold stress upon SlTOR inhibition. This disruption led to the accumulation of two important defense metabolites: salicylic acid (SA) and putrescine (Put). Subsequent gain- and loss-of-function analyses validated the crucial roles of salicylic acid and putrescine in enhancing tomato cold tolerance. Our study provides a mechanistic framework that elucidates how SlTOR modulates amino acid-related metabolism to enhance tomato cold tolerance, which sheds light on the complex interplay between growth and stress responses orchestrated by TOR.
2024-12-19 | GSE266850 | GEO
Project description:We show that the sensitivity of tsc mutant cells to rapamycin is mediated by TORC1 and can be suppressed by overexpression of the 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II) dependent oxygenase, Isp7. We show that Isp7 is a novel regulator of amino acids uptake that acts via regulation of gene expression, both upstream and downstream of TOR signaling. suppressed by overexpression of the putative 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II) dependent oxygenase, Isp7. We show that Isp7 is a novel master regulator of amino acids uptake that acts via regulation of gene expression, both upstream and downstream of TOR signaling. TOR proteins reside in two distinct complexes, TOR complex 1 and 2 (TORC1 and TORC2) that are central for the regulation of cellular growth, proliferation and survival. TOR is also the target for the immunosuppressive and anti-cancer drug rapamycin. In Schizosaccharaomyces pombe, disruption of the TSC complex, mutations in which can lead to the Tuberous Sclerosis syndrome in humans, results in a rapamycin sensitive phenotype under poor nitrogen conditions. We show here that the sensitivity to rapamycin is mediated via inhibition of TORC1 and suppressed by overexpression of isp7+, a member of the family of 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II) dependent oxygenases. The transcript level of isp7+ is negatively regulated by TORC1 but positively regulated by TORC2. Yet, we find extensive similarity between the transcriptome of cells disrupted for isp7+ and cells mutated in the catalytic subunit of TORC1. Moreover, Isp7 regulates amino acid permease expression similarly to TORC1 and in contrast to TORC2. Overexpression of isp7+ induces TORC1-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal protein Rps6, while inhibiting TORC2-dependent phosphorylation and activation of the AGC-like kinase Gad8. Taken together, our findings suggest a central role for Isp7 in amino acid homeostasis and the presence of isp7+-dependent regulatory loops that affect both TORC1 and TORC2.
2014-02-05 | GSE52759 | GEO
Project description:We show that the sensitivity of tsc mutant cells to rapamycin is mediated by TORC1 and can be suppressed by overexpression of the 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II) dependent oxygenase, Isp7. We show that Isp7 is a novel regulator of amino acids uptake that acts via regulation of gene expression, both upstream and downstream of TOR signaling. suppressed by overexpression of the putative 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II) dependent oxygenase, Isp7. We show that Isp7 is a novel master regulator of amino acids uptake that acts via regulation of gene expression, both upstream and downstream of TOR signaling. TOR proteins reside in two distinct complexes, TOR complex 1 and 2 (TORC1 and TORC2) that are central for the regulation of cellular growth, proliferation and survival. TOR is also the target for the immunosuppressive and anti-cancer drug rapamycin. In Schizosaccharaomyces pombe, disruption of the TSC complex, mutations in which can lead to the Tuberous Sclerosis syndrome in humans, results in a rapamycin sensitive phenotype under poor nitrogen conditions. We show here that the sensitivity to rapamycin is mediated via inhibition of TORC1 and suppressed by overexpression of isp7+, a member of the family of 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II) dependent oxygenases. The transcript level of isp7+ is negatively regulated by TORC1 but positively regulated by TORC2. Yet, we find extensive similarity between the transcriptome of cells disrupted for isp7+ and cells mutated in the catalytic subunit of TORC1. Moreover, Isp7 regulates amino acid permease expression similarly to TORC1 and in contrast to TORC2. Overexpression of isp7+ induces TORC1-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal protein Rps6, while inhibiting TORC2-dependent phosphorylation and activation of the AGC-like kinase Gad8. Taken together, our findings suggest a central role for Isp7 in amino acid homeostasis and the presence of isp7+-dependent regulatory loops that affect both TORC1 and TORC2. 6 Samples (arrays) were performed. We generated pairwise comparison between DISP7 and WT, using Partek Genomics Suite. Genes with pâ¤5%[FDR] and a fold-change difference of â¥2\1.5 or <-2\-1.5 were selected.
2014-02-05 | E-GEOD-52759 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:gnp_blan06_torpten - rnai tor time course - The impact of the TOR pathway on growth and stress responses. Modification of translational and transcriptional profiles in Tor-inducible RNAi mutants and identification of TOR targets.
2011-01-07 | GSE25701 | GEO
Project description:ra03-07_tor - tor - Study of 2 TOR mutants (7817 Strong, 7846 weak) - Mutant vs wild type on different nitrogen conditions (10mM=control and 100uM) Keywords: treated vs untreated comparison,wt vs mutant comparison
2007-06-20 | GSE7987 | GEO
Project description:gnp_blan06_torpten - rnai tor time course - The impact of the TOR pathway on growth and stress responses. Modification of translational and transcriptional profiles in Tor-inducible RNAi mutants and identification of TOR targets. 28 dye-swaps - normal vs. rnai mutant comparison.
2011-01-07 | E-GEOD-25701 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Two nutrient sensing and regulatory pathways, the general amino acid control (GAAC) and the target of rapamycin (TOR), control yeast growth and metabolism in response to changes in nutrient availability. Starvation for amino acids activates the GAAC pathway, involving Gcn2p phosphorylation of eIF2 and preferential translation of GCN4, a transcription activator of genes involved in amino acid metabolism. TOR senses nitrogen availability and regulates gene expression through transcription factors, such as Gln3p. We used microarray analyses to address the integration of the GAAC and TOR pathways in directing the yeast transcriptome in response to amino acid starvation and rapamycin treatment. Of the ~2500 genes whose expression was changed by 2-fold or greater, Gcn4p and Gln3p were required for 542 and 657 genes, respectively. While Gcn4p activates a common core of 57 genes in response to amino acid starvation or rapamycin treatment, the different stress arrangements allow for variations in Gcn4p-directed transcription. With few exceptions, genes requiring Gcn2p eIF2 kinase for induced expression also required Gcn4p, emphasizing the role of Gcn2p as an upstream activator of Gcn4p-directed transcription. There is also significant coordination between the GAAC and TOR pathways, with Gcn4p being required for activation of more genes during rapamycin treatment than Gln3p. Importantly, TOR regulates the GAAC-directed transcription of genes required for assimilation of nitrogen sources, such as γ-amino-butyric acid. Therefore, yeast has integrated gene expression responses to amino acid abundance and nitrogen source quality through the control of Gcn2p phosphorylation of eIF2 and GCN4 translation. Keywords: gene expression
2010-03-01 | GSE15254 | GEO
Project description:Two nutrient sensing and regulatory pathways, the general amino acid control (GAAC) and the target of rapamycin (TOR), control yeast growth and metabolism in response to changes in nutrient availability. Starvation for amino acids activates the GAAC pathway, involving Gcn2p phosphorylation of eIF2 and preferential translation of GCN4, a transcription activator of genes involved in amino acid metabolism. TOR senses nitrogen availability and regulates gene expression through transcription factors, such as Gln3p. We used microarray analyses to address the integration of the GAAC and TOR pathways in directing the yeast transcriptome in response to amino acid starvation and rapamycin treatment. Of the ~2500 genes whose expression was changed by 2-fold or greater, Gcn4p and Gln3p were required for 542 and 657 genes, respectively. While Gcn4p activates a common core of 57 genes in response to amino acid starvation or rapamycin treatment, the different stress arrangements allow for variations in Gcn4p-directed transcription. With few exceptions, genes requiring Gcn2p eIF2 kinase for induced expression also required Gcn4p, emphasizing the role of Gcn2p as an upstream activator of Gcn4p-directed transcription. There is also significant coordination between the GAAC and TOR pathways, with Gcn4p being required for activation of more genes during rapamycin treatment than Gln3p. Importantly, TOR regulates the GAAC-directed transcription of genes required for assimilation of nitrogen sources, such as γ-amino-butyric acid. Therefore, yeast has integrated gene expression responses to amino acid abundance and nitrogen source quality through the control of Gcn2p phosphorylation of eIF2 and GCN4 translation. Keywords: gene expression In this study, we carried out microarray analyses in a collection of yeast strains deleted for GCN2, GCN4, and GLN3, individually or in combinations, to explore the importance of the TOR and GAAC pathways in directing the transcriptome in response to amino acid starvation and rapamycin treatment.
2010-03-07 | E-GEOD-15254 | biostudies-arrayexpress