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Mitochondrial respiration in microglia is essential for response to demyelinating injury but not proliferation

ABSTRACT: Mitochondrial respiration in microglia is essential for response to demyelinating injury but not proliferation

PROVIDER: PRJNA1120790 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR29306600.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29306601.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29306602.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29306603.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29306604.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Mitochondrial respiration in microglia is essential for response to demyelinating injury but not proliferation

Project description:Microglia are necessary for CNS function during development and play roles in aging, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and the response to demyelinating injury. Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) is necessary for conventional T cell proliferation6 and macrophage-dependent immune responses. However, whether mitochondrial RC is essential for microglia proliferation or function is not known. We conditionally deleted the mitochondrial complex III subunit Rieske Iron-Sulfur Protein (RISP) in the microglia of adult mice to assess the requirement of microglial RC for survival, proliferation, and adult CNS function in vivo. Surprisingly, mitochondrial RC function was not required for survival or proliferation of microglia in vivo. RNA-seq analysis showed that loss of RC function in microglia caused changes in gene expression distinct from aged or disease-associated microglia (DAM). Microglia-specific loss of mitochondrial RC function is not sufficient to induce cognitive decline. Amyloid-β plaque coverage decreased and microglial interaction with Amyloid-β plaques increased in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice with mitochondrial RC-deficient microglia. Microglia-specific loss of mitochondrial RC function did impair remyelination following an acute, reversible demyelinating event. Thus, mitochondrial respiration in microglia is dispensable for proliferation but is essential to maintain a proper response to CNS demyelinating injury.

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Microglia response upon demyelinating injury [ATAC-seq]

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Project description:Following demyelinating injury, aged mice have poor recovery compared to young mice. We perforned snRNA seq on the white matter isolated from young and old mice after lesion induction to characterize the transcriptomic signature of glial cells with particular focus on microglia.

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Microglia regulate cortical remyelination via ΤNFR1-dependent phenotypic polarization [scRNA-Seq]

Project description:Microglia are strongly implicated in demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases with increasing evidence for roles in protection and healing, but the mechanisms that control CNS remyelination are poorly understood. Here we show that microglia-specific deletion of TNFR1 and pharmacological inhibition of soluble TNF (solTNF) or downstream IL-1R allow maturation of highly activated disease-associated microglia with increased size and myelin phagocytosis capacity that accelerate cortical remyelination and motor recovery. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of cortex at disease onset reveal that solTNF inhibition enhances reparative IL-10-responsive, while preventing damaging IL-1-related signatures of disease-associated microglia. Longitudinal brain transcriptome analysis through disease reveal earlier recovery upon therapeutic loss of microglia TNFR1. Functional relevance of microglia inflammatory polarization pathways for disease is validated in vivo. Furthermore, disease-state microglia producing downstream IL-1/IL-18/NLRP3/CASP1 targets are identified in human demyelinating lesions. Overall, redirecting disease microglia polarization by targeting cytokines is a potential approach for improving CNS repair in demyelinating disorders.

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Analysis of the host transcriptome from demyelinating spinal cord of murine coronavirus infected mice

Project description:We use transcriptome analysis to study the spinal cord transcriptome during MHV-induced demyelinating disease and find important biological pathways for demyelinating pathology. We find evidence of a Th1 cytokine response, ongoing antigen presentation and lymphocyte proliferation, lipid metabolism changes, and eicosanoid inflammation. In addition, we report several genes important for osteoclast function have augmented expression in the CNS during demyelination, suggesting a parallel between the osteoclast and microglial functions in maintaining homeostasis and the fidelity of specialized extracellular matrices in their respective compartments. RNA-seq of mock-infected and MHV-infected spinal cord tissue at 33 days post-infection, the peak of demyelination.

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Proteomic and lipidomic profiling of demyelinating lesions identifies fatty acids as modulators in inflammation resolution

Project description:After demyelinating injury of the central nervous system, resolution of the mounting acute innate inflammation is crucial for the initiation of a regenerative response. To identify factors in lesion recovery after demyelination injury, we used a toxin-induced model, in which a single dose of lysolecithin is injected into the corpus callosum to induce a focal demyelinating lesion. Afterwards, we investigated the proteome of demyelinating lesions at different time points post injection (dpi) in a time resolved manner. Lesion sites were excised analyzed from different mice at 0 dpi, without lysolecithin injection, as well as lysolecithin treated mice at 3 dpi, 7 dpi, and 14 dpi. Overall, immune cell migration, especially infiltration of microglia and macrophages, as well as fatty acid metabolism are playing crucial roles for the immidiate response, repair and finally lesion recovery. Additionally, Using lipidomics and eicosanoidomics, we identified bioactive lipids in the resolution phase of inflammation with a marked induction of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Using fat-1 transgenic mice, which convert n-6 fatty acids to n-3 fatty acids, we found that reduction of the n-6/n-3 ratio facilitates inflammation resolution. In addition, we observed accelerated inflammation resolution and enhanced generation of oligodendrocytes in aged mice when n-3 fatty acids are shuttled to the brain. Thus, n-3 fatty acids and eicosanoids, their oxidized bioactive products, enhance lesion recovery and may therefore provide the basis for novel pro-regenerative medicines of demyelinating diseases in the central nervous system.

2021-09-30 | PXD024891 | Pride

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