Overlapping and distinctfunctions of SPT6, PNUTS and PCF11 in regulating transcription termination [RNA-Seq]
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1139116 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR29927300_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29927300_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29927301_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29927301_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29927302_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The histone chaperone and transcription elongation factor SPT6, integral to RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) activity, also plays a crucial role in regulating transcription termination. In an attempt to identify the pathways employed by SPT6 in this regulation, we found that while SPT6 and its closest partner IWS1 interact and co-localize with RNAPII, their functions diverge significantly at gene termination sites. Our data revealed that SPT6 depletion, unlike IWS1, results in extensive readthrough transcription, indicating that SPT6 independently regulates transcription termination. Further analysis identified that the cleavage and polyadenylation factor PCF11 and the phosphatase regulatory protein PNUTS collaborate with SPT6 in this process. These findings suggest that SPT6 may facilitate transcription termination by recruiting PNUTS and PCF11 to RNAPII. Additionally, SPT6 and PNUTS jointly restrict promoter upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), whereas PCF11 presence is essential for their activation in the absence of SPT6. This study elucidates the distinct and overlapping functions of SPT6, PCF11, and PNUTS in transcription termination, highlighting the pivotal role of SPT6 in ensuring proper transcription termination at the 5’ and 3’ ends of genes.
2025-03-14 | GSE272848 | GEO
Project description:The histone chaperone and transcription elongation factor SPT6, integral to RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) activity, also plays a crucial role in regulating transcription termination. In an attempt to identify the pathways employed by SPT6 in this regulation, we found that while SPT6 and its closest partner IWS1 interact and co-localize with RNAPII, their functions diverge significantly at gene termination sites. Our data revealed that SPT6 depletion, unlike IWS1, results in extensive readthrough transcription, indicating that SPT6 independently regulates transcription termination. Further analysis identified that the cleavage and polyadenylation factor PCF11 and the phosphatase regulatory protein PNUTS collaborate with SPT6 in this process. These findings suggest that SPT6 may facilitate transcription termination by recruiting PNUTS and PCF11 to RNAPII. Additionally, SPT6 and PNUTS jointly restrict promoter upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), whereas PCF11 presence is essential for their activation in the absence of SPT6. This study elucidates the distinct and overlapping functions of SPT6, PCF11, and PNUTS in transcription termination, highlighting the pivotal role of SPT6 in ensuring proper transcription termination at the 5’ and 3’ ends of genes.
2025-03-14 | GSE272847 | GEO
Project description:Overlapping and distinctfunctions of SPT6, PNUTS and PCF11 in regulating transcription termination [ChIP-Seq]
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Project description:The Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway plays a crucial role in protecting animal germ cells by repressing transposons. However, the mechanism behind this RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation that leads to heterochromatin formation is not yet fully understood. Through RNA interference screens, we discovered Pcf11 and PNUTS, two conserved termination factors of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), as essential for piRNA-guided silencing. When Pcf11 is artificially tethered to a reporter, it leads to co-transcriptional repression and Pol II stalling, both of which are dependent on an alpha-helical region of Pcf11 capable of forming condensates when triggered by the C-terminal repeat domain (CTD) of Pol II. Interestingly, an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) derived from the Plant FCA can substitute for the alpha-helical region of Pcf11 in its silencing capacity and support animal development, demonstrating a causal relationship between phase separation and Pcf11’s function. Further exploration into how Pcf11 causes Pol II stalling revealed a direct interaction between Pcf11’s CTD-interaction domain (CID) and a CTR region of Spt5. The dephosphorylation of Spt5-CTR by PP1/PNUTS is essential for Pcf11’s recruitment during Pol II termination. It appears that the phosphorylated state of CTR inhibits Pcf11 condensate formation, while the phosphorylation of Pol II CTD at Threonine 4 enhances Pcf11’s ability to undergo phase separation. In conclusion, we propose a model in which Pcf11 regulates transcriptional termination by slowing down Pol II elongation, a process that is aided by phase separation with the unphosphorylated Spt5. The ability of Pcf11 to stall Pol II, utilized by the piRNA pathway to initiate heterochromatin formation, might represent a universal strategy for nascent RNA-mediated epigenetic control.
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Project description:The Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway plays a crucial role in protecting animal germ cells by repressing transposons. However, the mechanism behind this RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation that leads to heterochromatin formation is not yet fully understood. Through RNA interference screens, we discovered Pcf11 and PNUTS, two conserved termination factors of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), as essential for piRNA-guided silencing. When Pcf11 is artificially tethered to a reporter, it leads to co-transcriptional repression and Pol II stalling, both of which are dependent on an alpha-helical region of Pcf11 capable of forming condensates when triggered by the C-terminal repeat domain (CTD) of Pol II. Interestingly, an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) derived from the Plant FCA can substitute for the alpha-helical region of Pcf11 in its silencing capacity and support animal development, demonstrating a causal relationship between phase separation and Pcf11’s function. Further exploration into how Pcf11 causes Pol II stalling revealed a direct interaction between Pcf11’s CTD-interaction domain (CID) and a CTR region of Spt5. The dephosphorylation of Spt5-CTR by PP1/PNUTS is essential for Pcf11’s recruitment during Pol II termination. It appears that the phosphorylated state of CTR inhibits Pcf11 condensate formation, while the phosphorylation of Pol II CTD at Threonine 4 enhances Pcf11’s ability to undergo phase separation. In conclusion, we propose a model in which Pcf11 regulates transcriptional termination by slowing down Pol II elongation, a process that is aided by phase separation with the unphosphorylated Spt5. The ability of Pcf11 to stall Pol II, utilized by the piRNA pathway to initiate heterochromatin formation, might represent a universal strategy for nascent RNA-mediated epigenetic control.
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Project description:The Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway plays a crucial role in protecting animal germ cells by repressing transposons. However, the mechanism behind this RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation that leads to heterochromatin formation is not yet fully understood. Through RNA interference screens, we discovered Pcf11 and PNUTS, two conserved termination factors of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), as essential for piRNA-guided silencing. When Pcf11 is artificially tethered to a reporter, it leads to co-transcriptional repression and Pol II stalling, both of which are dependent on an alpha-helical region of Pcf11 capable of forming condensates when triggered by the C-terminal repeat domain (CTD) of Pol II. Interestingly, an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) derived from the Plant FCA can substitute for the alpha-helical region of Pcf11 in its silencing capacity and support animal development, demonstrating a causal relationship between phase separation and Pcf11’s function. Further exploration into how Pcf11 causes Pol II stalling revealed a direct interaction between Pcf11’s CTD-interaction domain (CID) and a CTR region of Spt5. The dephosphorylation of Spt5-CTR by PP1/PNUTS is essential for Pcf11’s recruitment during Pol II termination. It appears that the phosphorylated state of CTR inhibits Pcf11 condensate formation, while the phosphorylation of Pol II CTD at Threonine 4 enhances Pcf11’s ability to undergo phase separation. In conclusion, we propose a model in which Pcf11 regulates transcriptional termination by slowing down Pol II elongation, a process that is aided by phase separation with the unphosphorylated Spt5. The ability of Pcf11 to stall Pol II, utilized by the piRNA pathway to initiate heterochromatin formation, might represent a universal strategy for nascent RNA-mediated epigenetic control.
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Project description:The pervasive nature of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription requires efficient termination. A key player in this process is the cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) factor PCF11, which directly binds to the Pol II C-terminal domain and dismantles elongating Pol II from DNA in vitro. We demonstrate that PCF11-mediated termination is essential for vertebrate development. A range of genomic analyses, including: mNET-seq, 3’ mRNA-seq, chromatin RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, reveals that PCF11 enhances transcription termination and stimulates early polyadenylation genome-wide. PCF11 binds preferentially between closely spaced genes, where it prevents transcriptional interference and downstream gene silencing. Notably, PCF11 is sub-stoichiometric to the CPA complex. Low levels of PCF11 are maintained by an auto-regulatory mechanism involving premature termination of its own transcript, and are important for normal development. Both in human cell culture and during zebrafish development, PCF11 selectively attenuates the expression of other transcriptional regulators by premature CPA and termination.
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Project description:The pervasive nature of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription requires efficient termination. A key player in this process is the cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) factor PCF11, which directly binds to the Pol II C-terminal domain and dismantles elongating Pol II from DNA in vitro. We demonstrate that PCF11-mediated termination is essential for vertebrate development. A range of genomic analyses, including: mNET-seq, 3’ mRNA-seq, chromatin RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, reveals that PCF11 enhances transcription termination and stimulates early polyadenylation genome-wide. PCF11 binds preferentially between closely spaced genes, where it prevents transcriptional interference and downstream gene silencing. Notably, PCF11 is sub-stoichiometric to the CPA complex. Low levels of PCF11 are maintained by an auto-regulatory mechanism involving premature termination of its own transcript, and are important for normal development. Both in human cell culture and during zebrafish development, PCF11 selectively attenuates the expression of other transcriptional regulators by premature CPA and termination.
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