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Differential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate and cannabidiol in neurons and microglia

ABSTRACT: Differential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate and cannabidiol in neurons and microglia

PROVIDER: PRJNA1146415 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Differential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate and cannabidiol in neurons and microglia

Project description:Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an immunomodulatory treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) that can cross the blood-brain barrier, presenting neuroprotective potential. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood and there is a need to characterize if DMF or its bioactive metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) exert neuroprotective properties. The combination of adjuvant agents such as cannabidiol (CBD) could be relevant to enhance neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of DMF, MMF and CBD on neuroprotective and immunomodulatory pathways in neurons and microglia in vitro. We found that DMF and CBD, but not MMF, activated the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in neurons. Similarly, only DMF and CBD, but not MMF, prevented the LPS-induced activation of the inflammatory pathway NF-kB in microglia. However, the 3 drugs inhibited the production of nitric oxide in microglia and protected neurons against apoptosis. Transcriptomically, DMF, MMF and CBD exhibited differential effects on these pathways, with DMF achieving the most pronounced changes. Our results show that DMF and MMF, despite being structurally related, present differences in their mechanisms of action that could be relevant for the achievement of neuroprotection in MS patients and the potential of CBD as an adjuvant therapy in neuroprotection.

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Differential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate and cannabidiol in neurons and microglia [Mouse]

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Differential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate and cannabidiol in neurons and microglia [Mouse]

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Chemical proteomic map of dimethyl fumarate-sensitive cysteines in primary human T cells

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Expression data of renal cancer cell treated with Oncolytic virus VSVd51 and Fumaric acid esters such as Dimethyl fumarate

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Transcriptomic analysis of fumarate compounds identifies unique effects of isosorbide di-(methyl fumarate) on NRF2, NF-kappaB and IRF1 pathway genes

Project description:Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has emerged as first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple scle-rosis (RRMS). This treatment, however, has been limited by adverse effects, which has prompted development of novel derivatives with improved tolerability. We compared effects of fumarates on gene expression in astrocytes. Our analysis included diroximel fumarate (DRF) and its metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF), along with a novel compound isosorbide di-(methyl fumarate) (IDMF). Treatment with IDMF resulted in the largest number of differentially expressed genes. The effects of DRF and MMF were consistent with NRF2 activation and NF-kappaB inhibition, respectively. IDMF responses, however, were concordant with both NRF2 activation and NF-kappaB inhibition, and we confirmed IDMF-mediated NF-kappaB inhibition using a reporter assay. IDMF also down-regulated IRF1 expression and IDMF-decreased gene promoters were enriched with IRF1 recognition se-quences. Genes altered by each fumarate overlapped significantly with those near loci from MS genetic association studies, but IDMF had the strongest overall effect on MS-associated genes. These results show that next-generation fumarates such as DRF and IDMF have effects differing from those of the MMF metabolite. Our findings support a model in which IDMF attenuates oxidative stress via NRF2 activation, with suppression of NF-kappaB and IRF1 contributing to mitigation of in-flammation and pyroptosis.

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