The gene expression profiling among normal chondrocyte, osteoarthritis chondrocyte and chondrosarcoma
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1158825 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:To investigate the gene expression profiling in bone diseases including osteoathritis (OA) and bone cancer (chondrosarcoma), different chondrocytes were isolated and assessed. For OA, the paired normal and OA chondrocytes were isolated from patient with total knee replacement surgery. Identification and delineation of dys-regulated genes between normal and OA chondrocytes and the regulatory mechanisms may provide the opportunity to treat OA. Also, the comparison with normal chondrocyte and chondrosarcoma cell lline (JJ012) gene expression profiling to identify the novel targets for chondrosarcoma therapies.
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Project description:Chondrocyte differentiation is regulated at a transcriptional level and by various hormonal stimuli. Since chondrocyte differentiation is important for normal skeletal growth, inadequate amounts of differentiation can lead to pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis. Transcriptional regulation can be tightly orchestrated by epigenetic regulators. Among these, ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1 (Uhrf1) is reported to have diverse epigenetic functions, including regulation of DNA methylation. However, the physiological functions of Uhrf1 in skeletal tissues remain unclear. Here we show that limb mesenchymal cell-specific Uhrf1 conditional knockout mice (Uhrf1ΔLimb/ΔLimb) exhibit shortened long bones that have morphological deformities due to impaired chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation. RNA-seq performed on primary cultured chondrocytes obtained from control and Uhrf1ΔLimb/ΔLimb mice revealed that expression levels of proliferative chondrocyte marker genes were downregulated, whereas hypertrophic chondrocyte marker genes were upregulated. In addition, gene ontology analyses and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggested that limb growth retardation due to compromised chondrocyte differentiation might be caused by increased activity of the focal adhesion signaling pathway. These results indicated that Uhrf1 has a crucial role in normal skeletal maturation by coordinating transcriptional regulatory networks during chondrocyte differentiation.
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Project description:Cellular differentiation and lineage commitment are considered to be robust and irreversible processes during development. Recent work has shown that mouse and human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state with a combination of four transcription factors. This raised the question of whether transcription factors could directly specify somatic cell fates in cells such as pancreatic ? cells, contractile cardiomyocytes and neurons. We hypothesized that combinatorial expression of chondrocyte-specific transcription factors could directly convert human amnion cells into chondrosarcoma. Starting from a pool of candidate genes, we identified a combination of only five genes (5F pool), BCL6, T (also called BRACHYURY), c-MYC, MITF and BAF60C (also called SMARCD3) that rapidly and efficiently convert postnatal human amnion into chondrosarcoma. The cells generated expressed multiple cartilage-specific genes such as collagen type II ?1, link protein-1 and aggrecan, and exhibited characteristics of cartilage both in vivo and in vitro. Expression of the endogenous genes for T and MITF was initiated, implying that the cell conversion is due to not only the forced expression of the transgenes, but also the cellular reprogramming by the transgenes. The same set of genes converted human placental artery-derived endothelial (hPAE) cells and menstrual blood-derived cells into chondrosarcoma cells, implying that this conversion is independent of cell types. Direct conversion system from non-cartilage tissue to cartilaginous tissue contributes substantially to a major advance toward cartilage development, oncogenesis of chondrocytes, and cell-based therapy. We hypothesized that combinatorial expression of chondrocyte-specific transcription factors could directly convert human amnion cells into chondrosarcoma. Starting from a pool of candidate genes, we identified a combination of only five genes that rapidly efficiently convert postnatal human amnion into chondrosarcoma.
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Project description:Cartilage aging is a quintessential feature of knee osteoarthritis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening is a typical feature of cartilage aging. However, the mechanism of ECM stiffening to influence chondrocytes and downstream molecules is still poorly understood. Here, we mimicked the physiological and pathological stiffness of human cartilage by using polydimethylsiloxane-based substrates. We show that the epigenetic regulation of Parkin by histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) represents a new mechanosensitive mechanism by which the stiff matrix affects the physiology of chondrocytes. We found that ECM stiffening could accelerate the senescence of cultured chondrocytes in vitro, and also found that stiff ECM downregulated HDAC3, drove Parkin acetylation to activate excessive mitophagy, and accelerated chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis in mice. In contrast, intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus expressing HDAC3 restored the young phenotype of aged chondrocytes stimulated by ECM stiffening and alleviated osteoarthritis in mice. Our findings indicate that changes in the mechanical properties of ECM initiate pathogenic mechanotransduction signals, promote the acetylation of Parkin and hyperactivate mitophagy, and damage the health of chondrocytes. These findings may provide new insights into how the mechanical properties of ECM regulate chondrocytes.
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Project description:Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1)-mediated necroptosis plays a vital role in various diseases, but the involvement of RIP1 and its functional mechanism in osteoarthritis pathogenesis remains largely unknown. To identify molecular targets of RIP1 in chondrocytes, RNA sequencing was performed in chondrocytes treated with adenovirus expressing RIP1 or vector control. We found that 9857 genes were differentially expressed in chondrocytes after RIP1 overexpression. GO analysis indicated that DNA replication, chromosome segregation and regulation of cell cycle process were upregulated, while terms including cartilage development, skeletal system development, extracellular matrix organization, skeletal system morphogenesis, chondrocyte differentiation, collagen fibril organization and limb development were downregulated. Pathway analysis revealed that IL-17 signaling pathway, cell cycle, DNA replication, proteasome, TNF signaling pathway, cellular senescence and p53 signaling pathway were significantly upregulated by RIP1, meanwhile, ECM-receptor interaction, other glycan degradation and glycosaminoglycan degradation were downregulated. These results underscore the importance of RIP1 in OA by perturbing a series of essential events during disease progression such like cell cycle regulation, chondrocyte differentiation, inflammation and ECM remodeling.
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