Arp2/3 Complex Activity Enables Nuclear YAP for Naïve Pluripotency of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1159843 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR30637578_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30637578_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30637579_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30637579_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30637580_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Our understanding of transitions of human embryonic stem cells between distinct stages of pluripotency relies predominantly on regulation by transcriptional and epigenetic programs with limited insight on the role of established morphological changes. We report remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as they transition from primed to naïve pluripotency that includes assembly of a ring of contractile actin filaments encapsulating colonies of naïve hESCs. Activity of the Arp2/3 complex is required for the actin ring, uniform cell mechanics within naïve colonies, nuclear translocation of the Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ, and effective transition to naïve pluripotency. RNA-sequencing analysis confirms that Arp2/3 complex activity regulates Hippo signaling in hESCs, and impaired naïve pluripotency with inhibited Arp2/3 complex activity is rescued by expressing a constitutively active, nuclear-localized YAP-S127A. Moreover, expression of YAP-S127A partially restored in actin filament fence with Arp2/3 complex inhibition, suggesting that actin filament remodeling is both upstream and downstream of YAP activity. These new findings on the cell biology of hESCs reveal a mechanism for cytoskeletal dynamics coordinating cell mechanics to regulate gene expression and facilitate transitions between pluripotency states.
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Project description:Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), a model for differentiation into primed epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs), have revealed transcriptional and epigenetic control of early embryonic development. The control and significance of morphological changes, however, remain less defined. We show marked changes in morphology and actin architectures during differentiation that depend on Arp2/3 complex but not formin activity. Inhibiting Arp2/3 complex activity pharmacologically or genetically does not block exit from naive pluripotency but attenuates increases in EpiLC markers. We find that inhibiting Arp2/3 complex activity delays formative pluripotency and causes globally defective lineage specification as indicated by RNA-sequencing, with significant effects on TBX3-depedendent transcriptional programs. We also identify two previously unreported indicators of mESC differentiation; MRTF and FHL2, which have inverse Arp2/3 complex-dependent nuclear translocation. Our findings on Arp2/3 complex activity in differentiation and the established role of formins in EMT indicate that these two actin nucleators regulate distinct modes of epithelial plasticity
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Project description:Expression profiling of Naïve and Primed hESCs using Illumina HT-12 v.4 expression BeadChip We report that over-expression of the transcription factor YAP in male and female human ESCs and iPSCs promotes the generation of naïve PSCs. YAP-induced naïve PSCs have a naïve-specific dome-like colony morphology, rapid clonal growth rate for more than 70 passages, normal karyotype, expression of pluripotency markers and ability to form teratomas. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) can substitute for YAP to generated transgene-free human naïve PSCs. We performed microarray analyses on hESCs and hIPSCs in primed and naïve ESC media and show that YAP overexpressing cells in naïve media (Ying et al 2008, Ludwig et al 2006, Theunnissen 2014) display a distinct naïve-like transcriptional profile and other hallmarks of the naïve state. These results uncover an unexpected role for YAP in the transition to the human naïve state, and provide a platform in which to further dissect this transition and probe early human embryology.
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Project description:Arp2/3 complex activity is necessary for mouse ESC differentiation, times formative pluripotency, and enables lineage specification
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Project description:Although cell therapies require large numbers of quality-controlled hPSCs, existing technologies are limited in their ability to efficiently grow and scale stem cells. We report here that cell-state conversion from primed-to-naïve pluripotency enhances the biomanufacturing of hPSCs. Naïve hPSCs exhibit superior growth kinetics and aggregate formation characteristics in stirred suspension bioreactors compared to their primed counterparts. Moreover, we demonstrate the role of the bioreactor mechanical environment in the maintenance of naïve pluripotency, through transcriptomic enrichment of mechano-sensing signaling for cells in the bioreactor along with a decrease in expression of lineage-specific and primed pluripotency hallmarks. Bioreactor-cultured, naïve hPSCs express epigenetic regulatory transcripts associated with naïve pluripotency, and display hallmarks of X-chromosome reactivation. They exhibit robust production of naïve pluripotency metabolites and display reduced expression of primed pluripotency cell surface markers. We also show that these cells retain the ability to undergo targeted differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and neural rosettes. They additionally display faster kinetics of teratoma formation compared to their primed counterparts. Naïve bioreactor hPSCs also retain structurally stable chromosomes. Our research corroborates that converting hPSCs to the naïve state enhances hPSC manufacturing and indicates a potentially important role for the bioreactor’s mechanical environment in maintaining naïve pluripotency.
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Project description:Epigenetic reprogramming is a cancer hallmark but how it unfolds during early neoplastic events and its role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression is not fully understood. Here we show that resetting from primed to naïve human pluripotency results in acquisition of a DNA methylation landscape mirroring the cancer DNA methylome, with gradual hypermethylation of bivalent developmental genes. We hypothesised that unknown proteins and transcription factors play a role in the DNA hypermethylation process and analysed therefore the proteomics of the very early stages of the resetting process which involves overexpression of Nanog and Klf2. The samples analysed were Primed hESCs (Conventional stem cells), 72hours after induction and 1 week after induction, in triplicate. For our purposes we identified candidate transcription factors and subsequently knocked them down to test their involvement in the DNA hypermethylation (as described in the manuscript related to this data, Patani et al. Nature Communications). More broadly, we believe, this dataset is a useful resource for the wider community interested in pluripotency, resetting, reprogramming, cell identity transitions etc. Our results indicate that transition to naïve pluripotency and oncogenic transformation share common epigenetic trajectories, which implicates reprogramming and the pluripotency network as a central hub in cancer formation.
2020-07-13 | PXD019893 | Pride
Project description:The transition of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from primed to naïve states constitutes a prototypical example of cellular plasticity. The naïve state can be stabilized by defined chemical cocktails that block extracellular signals, notably including the MEK pathway. However, little is known regarding the underlying transcriptional mechanisms. Here, we report that the transcriptional landscape of the naïve state can be mimicked in mouse and human PSCs by stimulating transcriptional enhancers. This is attained by inhibiting the CDK8 and CDK19 kinases, which are negative regulators of Mediator, a critical component of enhancer function. Mechanistically, CDK8/19i triggers a global increase in the recruitment of RNA Pol II at promoters and enhancers, hyperactivating enhancers and their target genes. Lastly, the emergence of naïve pluripotency in the pre-implantation epiblast coincides with a marked reduction in CDK8/19 activity, and CDK8/19i blocks its subsequent developmental progression. These findings suggest that naïve pluripotency during development includes hyperactivation of enhancers and can be captured in vitro, either by blunting extracellular signaling, or by stimulating enhancer-driven transcription. These principles may apply to other cellular transitions.
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Project description:Isolating human MEK/ERK signalling independent pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) with characteristics of naive pluripotency while maintaining differentiation competence and genetic integrity, remains challenging. Here we engineer reporter systems that allow screening for conditions that induce molecular and functional features of human naive pluripotency. Synergistic inhibition of WNT-ßCATENIN, PKC and SRC signalling enables induction of teratoma competent naïve human PSCs, with capacity to differentiate into trophoblast stem cells (TSC) and extraembryonic endodermal (XEN) cells in vitro. Divergent signalling and transcriptional requirements for boosting naïve pluripotency were found between mouse and human. P53 depletion in human naïve PSCs endows them with competitiveness to better contribute to mouse-human cross-species chimeric embryos upon priming. Finally, MEK/ERK inhibition can be substituted with inhibition for NOTCH/RBPj, which allows inducing alternative human naïve-like PSCs with diminished risk for deleterious global DNA hypomethylation. Our findings set a framework for defining the signalling foundations of human naïve pluripotency.
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Project description:Isolating human MEK/ERK signalling independent pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) with characteristics of naive pluripotency while maintaining differentiation competence and genetic integrity, remains challenging. Here we engineer reporter systems that allow screening for conditions that induce molecular and functional features of human naive pluripotency. Synergistic inhibition of WNT-ßCATENIN, PKC and SRC signalling enables induction of teratoma competent naïve human PSCs, with capacity to differentiate into trophoblast stem cells (TSC) and extraembryonic endodermal (XEN) cells in vitro. Divergent signalling and transcriptional requirements for boosting naïve pluripotency were found between mouse and human. P53 depletion in human naïve PSCs endows them with competitiveness to better contribute to mouse-human cross-species chimeric embryos upon priming. Finally, MEK/ERK inhibition can be substituted with inhibition for NOTCH/RBPj, which allows inducing alternative human naïve-like PSCs with diminished risk for deleterious global DNA hypomethylation. Our findings set a framework for defining the signalling foundations of human naïve pluripotency.
2021-03-25 | GSE150772 | GEO