Project description:Pre-mRNA splicing is regulated through combinatorial activity of RNA motifs including splice sites and splicing regulatory elements (SREs). Here, we show that the activity of a major class of mammalian SREs is highly sensitive to the strength of the adjacent 5' splice site (5'ss) sequence, and that this has important functional and evolutionary implications. Activity of G-run SREs was higher for intermediate strength 5'ss by ~4-fold relative to weak 5'ss, and by ~1.3-fold relative to strong 5'ss. The dependence on 5'ss strength was supported both by comparative genomics and by microarray and Illumina mRNA-Seq analyses of splicing changes following RNAi against the splicing factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H, which binds G-runs. This dependence implies that the responsiveness of exons to changes in hnRNP H levels is a bivariate function of both SRE abundance and 5'ss strength; this relationship may hold also for other splicing factors. This pattern of activity enables G-runs and hnRNP H to buffer the effects of 5'ss mutations, augmenting both the frequency of 5'ss polymorphism and the evolution of new splicing patterns. Examine mRNA expression in 293T cells following hnRNP H or control siRNA knockdown
Project description:We performed RNA-seq of 293T cells post depletion and SETD2 or hnRNP L to compare their global transcriptome profile. We also looked at the distribution of the histone mark H3K36me3 in wild type 293T to correlate it with the observed transcriptome changes upon SETD2 and hnRNP L depletion. We rescued SETD2 knock out 293T cells with SETD2 FL (Full Length), FLΔSRI (FLwoSRI) and FLΔSHI (FLwoSHI) and performed H3K36me3 ChIP-Seq.
Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study are to compare hnRNP M shRNA knockdown macrophages to scramble shRNA control macrophages in uninfected cells and Salmonella Typhimurium-infecetd cells to unbiasly look at gene expression changes that are regulated by the splicing factor, hnRNP M during resting state and during an innate immune response. Methods: Macrophage mRNA profiles of uninfected and Salmonella Typhimurium-infected hnRNP M knockdown cells lines and SCR shRNA control RAW264.7 macrophages were generated by sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina 1.9 system. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed at the gene expression level with CLC Genomics Workbench 8 with Transcriptomeics Analysis followed by statistical analysi with Empiciral Analysis of DGE and (EDGE test) and Baggerly's test. qRT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays. Results: Using CLC Genomics Workbench 8 transcriptomics workflow, we mapped about 30 million sequence reads per sample to the mouse genome (GRCm38). Approximately 140 transcripts showed differential expression between the scramble control and hnRNP M knockdown macrophages in uninfected cells, with a fold change ≥1.5 and p value <0.05. Additionally, ~150 transcripts showed differential expression between the scramble control and hnRNP M knockdown macrophages in Salmonella-Typhimurium cells, with a fold change ≥1.5 and p value <0.05. Altered expression of genes was confirmed with qRT–PCR, demonstrating the effectiveness of the RNA-seq method. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates hnRNP M-dependent differential gene expression in the context of the innate immune response.
Project description:Understanding how RNA binding proteins control the splicing code is fundamental to human biology and disease. Here we present a comprehensive study to elucidate how heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticle (hnRNP) proteins, among the most abundant RNA binding proteins, coordinate to regulate alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS) in human cells. Using splicing-sensitive microarrays, cross-linking and immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing, and cDNA sequencing, we find that more than half of all AS events are regulated by multiple hnRNP proteins, and that some combinations of hnRNP proteins exhibit significant synergy, whereas others act antagonistically. Our analyses reveal position-dependent RNA splicing maps, in vivo consensus binding sites, a surprising level of cross- and auto-regulation among hnRNP proteins, and the coordinated regulation by hnRNP proteins of dozens of other RNA binding proteins and genes associated with cancer. Our findings define an unprecedented degree of complexity and compensatory relationships among hnRNP proteins and their splicing targets that likely confer robustness to cells. RNAseq for control, hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2/B1, hnRNP H1, hnRNP F, hnRNP M, and hnRNP U siRNA treated human 293T cells
Project description:Understanding how RNA binding proteins control the splicing code is fundamental to human biology and disease. Here we present a comprehensive study to elucidate how heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticle (hnRNP) proteins, among the most abundant RNA binding proteins, coordinate to regulate alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS) in human cells. Using splicing-sensitive microarrays, cross-linking and immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing, and cDNA sequencing, we find that more than half of all AS events are regulated by multiple hnRNP proteins, and that some combinations of hnRNP proteins exhibit significant synergy, whereas others act antagonistically. Our analyses reveal position-dependent RNA splicing maps, in vivo consensus binding sites, a surprising level of cross- and auto-regulation among hnRNP proteins, and the coordinated regulation by hnRNP proteins of dozens of other RNA binding proteins and genes associated with cancer. Our findings define an unprecedented degree of complexity and compensatory relationships among hnRNP proteins and their splicing targets that likely confer robustness to cells. In triplicate, polyA-selected RNA was extracted from control, hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2/B1, hnRNP H1, hnRNP F, hnRNP M, and hnRNP U siRNA treated human 293T cells, and hybridized to custom splice-junction arrays