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M6A-mediated epi-transcriptomic dysregulation underlies synaptic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: m6A-mediated epi-transcriptomic dysregulation underlies synaptic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome [RNA-seq]

PROVIDER: PRJNA1168477 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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m6A-mediated epi-transcriptomic dysregulation underlies synaptic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome [MeRIP-seq]

Project description:m6A-mediated epi-transcriptomic dysregulation underlies synaptic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome [MeRIP-seq]

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m6A-mediated epi-transcriptomic dysregulation underlies synaptic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome [RNA-seq]

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent mRNA modification essential for post-transcriptional regulation. Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability, arises from FMR1 gene silencing and loss of FMRP, which has been shown to antagonize m6A readers. However, the impact of FMRP loss on transcriptome-wide m6A modifications in human FXS remains unknown. Using cortical neurons derived from healthy subjects and FXS patient-induced pluripotent stem cells, we found that FXS neurons exhibited synaptic and neuronal network defects, mirroring clinical EEG data from the same FXS patients. FMRP deficiency led to increased translation of m6A writers, resulting in transcriptome-wide hypermethylation, primarily affecting synapse-associated transcripts and increasing mRNA decay. Treatment with an m6A writer inhibitor rescued synaptic defects in FXS neurons, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Our findings uncover an epi-transcriptomic mechanism by which FMRP deficiency disrupts m6A modifications in FXS, contributing to FXS pathogenesis, and suggest a promising avenue for m6A-targeted therapies.

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m6A-mediated epi-transcriptomic dysregulation underlies synaptic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome [MeRIP-seq]

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Project description:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by dysfunction and loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Several studies have identified structural and functional alterations in the motor neurons before the manifestation of symptoms, yet the underlying cause of such alterations and how they contribute to the progressive degeneration of affected motor neuron networks remain unclear. Importantly, the short and long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal network activity make it challenging to discern how ALS-related network reconfigurations emerge and evolve. To address this, we systematically monitored the structural and functional dynamics of motor neuron networks with a confirmed endogenous C9orf72 mutation. We show that ALS patient-derived motor neurons display time-dependent neural network dysfunction, specifically reduced firing rate and spike amplitude, impaired bursting, but higher overall synchrony in network activity. These changes coincided with altered neurite outgrowth and branching within the networks. Moreover, transcriptional analyses revealed dysregulation of molecular pathways involved in synaptic development and maintenance, neurite outgrowth and cell adhesion, suggesting impaired synaptic stabilization. This study identifies early synaptic dysfunction as a contributing mechanism resulting in network-wide structural and functional compensation, which may over time render the networks vulnerable to neurodegeneration.

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Spatially coordinated heterochromatinization of long synaptic genes in fragile X syndrome

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Transcriptional dysregulation of synaptic genes in a human iPSC model of major mental disorders

Project description:Schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders are postulated to be developmental disorders resulting from synapse dysfunction. How susceptibility genes for major mental disorders could lead to synaptic deficits in humans is not well-understood. Here we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from four members of a family in which a frame-shift mutation of Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) co-segregated with psychiatric disorders and further produced different isogenic iPSC lines via genetic editing. We showed that mutant DISC1 causes synaptic vesicle release deficits in iPSC-derived forebrain neurons. Mechanistically, mutant DISC1 dysregulates the expression of many genes related to synapses and psychiatric disorders and depletes wild-type DISC1 and the NCoR1 transcription co-repressor complex. Furthermore, mechanism-guided pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterases rescues synaptic defects in mutant neurons. Our study uncovers a novel gain-of-function mechanism through which the psychiatric disorder-relevant mutation affects synaptic functions via transcriptional dysregulation and provides insight into the molecular and synaptic etiopathology of psychiatric disorders. Two patient derived iPSC lines carrying heterozygous 4bp deletion in DISC1 gene and 1 related control were analyzed in biological triplicate

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Project description:Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Underlies Immune Dysregulation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

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