Project description:To identify functions that distinguish the posterior and median cells producing fibroin and sericin in the silk gland of Bombyx mori, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) profiles from both silk gland regions were analyzed and compared. The construction of a B. mori reference tag collection extracted from a set of 38000 Bombyx EST sequenced from the 3’ side, helped annotating the SAGE libraries. Most of the tags appeared at similar relative concentration in the two libraries except for those corresponding to silk proteins that were found region-specific and highly abundant. Strikingly, besides tags from silk protein mRNAs, 19 tags were found in the class of high abundance in the median cell library, which were absent in the posterior cell tag collection. Except tags from SP1 mRNA, no PSG specific tags were found in the same class of abundance. The analysis of MSG-specific different transcripts led to suggest that middle silk gland cell realizes more diversified functions as those already known, of synthesis and secretion of the silk sericins.
Project description:The silk gland (SG) of the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori, an economically important insect that has been used for silk production for over 5000 years, is a remarkable organ that produces vast amounts of silk with exceptional properties . Little is known about which SG cells execute silk protein synthesis and its precise spatiotemporal control. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to build a comprehensive cell atlas of the B. mori SG, consisting of 14,972 high-quality cells representing 10 distinct cell types, in three early developmental stages. We annotated all 10 cell types and determined their distributions in each region of the SG, decoded their developmental trajectory and gene-switch status, and discovered marker genes involved in the regulation of SG development and silk protein synthesis. Our study reveals the high heterogeneity of B. mori SG cells and their gene expression dynamics for the first time, affording a deeper understanding of silk-producing organs at the single-cell level .
2022-05-06 | GSE193279 | GEO
Project description:Bombyx mori silk gland transcriptome
Project description:Background: The growth and development of the posterior silk gland and the biosynthesis of the silk core protein at the fifth larval instar stage of Bombyx mori are of paramount importance for silk production. Results: Here, aided by next-generation sequencing and microarry assay, we profile 1,229 microRNAs (miRNAs), including 728 novel miRNAs and 110 miRNA/miRNA* duplexes, from the posterior silk gland at the fifth larval instar. Target gene prediction yields 14,222 unique target genes from 1,195 miRNAs. Functional categorization classifies the genes into complex pathways that include both cellular and metabolic processes, especially protein synthesis and processing. Conclusion: The enrichment of target genes in the ribosome-related pathway indicates that miRNAs may directly regulate translation. Our findings pave a way for further functional elucidation of these miRNAs in silk production.
Project description:<p>The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an economically important insect and a lepidopteran model organism. Controlling viral infections is crucial for the sustainable development of sericulture. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection can cause large-scale mortality in silkworm populations. Insect apolipophorin-III (ApoLp-III) has been reported to play a key role in immune recognition. Spatiotemporal expression profile analysis in this study revealed that the Bombyx mori ApoLp-III gene is highly expressed in the fat body, hemolymph, and silk gland, and its expression was significantly upregulated (p < 0.01) in BmNPV-infected fat body tissues and BmN cells. A pIZT-ApoLp-III overexpression vector was constructed, and siRNA was designed to overexpress and knock down the ApoLp-III gene in BmN cells. Following BmNPV infection, its impact on BmNPV proliferation was detected. Results showed that ApoLp-III overexpression led to a significant decrease in BmNPV genomic copy number and VP39 protein expression levels. Conversely, ApoLp-III knockdown resulted in a significant increase in BmNPV genomic copy number and VP39 protein expression. These results indicate that apolipoprotein III can inhibit BmNPV proliferation. RNA-seq analysis of the ApoLp-III overexpression stable cell line identified 451 up-regulated and 616 down-regulated genes. GO functional annotation indicated that these differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in biological regulation, metabolic processes, and cellular components. KEGG pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of differential genes in DNA replication, cell cycle, and mismatch repair pathways. Co-immunoprecipitation screening for ApoLp-III interacting proteins identified 35 host proteins from Bombyx mori, including immune-related proteins (TR-type G domain-containing protein, immunoglobulin-like protein, etc.), transport-related proteins (talin-1, TOM1-like protein, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein), and energy-related proteins (lipocalin, insulin-degrading enzyme), as well as 3 BmNPV-encoded proteins: viral nucleocapsid protein, BRO protein, and chitinase. In summary, these findings preliminarily suggest that the Bombyx mori ApoLp-III protein may inhibit BmNPV proliferation by participating in immune pathways or through protein-protein interactions. The underlying molecular mechanisms warrant further investigation.</p>