Perinuclear assembly of vimentin intermediate filaments induces cancer cell nuclear dysmorphia
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1171309 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Nuclear dysmorphia, characterized by crumpled or lobulated polymorphic nuclear shapes, has been used as an index for the malignant grades of certain cancers. The expression of vimentin, a type III intermediate filament protein, is a hallmark of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. However, it remains unclear whether vimentin is involved in cancer cell nuclear dysmorphia. In this study, we found that vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs) frequently accumulated at the concave of dysmorphic nucleus in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Depletion of vimentin apparently restored the nuclear shape of the cells, which was devastated by re-expression of vimentin, but not its assembly-defective Y117D mutant. Depletion of plectin, a cytoskeletal linker, partially prevented the perinuclear accumulation of VIFs and concomitantly restored the nuclear shape of the cells. In addition, depletion of vimentin in lung cancer A549 cells largely prevented nuclear dysmorphia during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-β. Moreover, we found that VIF-mediated nuclear dysmorphia led to defects in DNA repair. Together, our results unveil a novel role of VIFs in cancer cell nuclear dysmorphia, which is associated with genome instability.
2024-11-15 | GSE279178 | GEO
Project description:Compartmentalization of organelles in space and time affects their functional state and enables higher order regulation of essential cellular processes. How organellar residence is maintained in a defined area of the cell remains poorly understood. In this study, we uncover a new role for intermediate filaments in the maintenance of organellar architecture and dynamics, which is executed through a direct connection between Vimentin and the ER-embedded ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 26 (RNF26). While the ubiquitin ligase function of RNF26 promotes perinuclear positioning of endolysosomes through binding endosomal adapters, catalytically inactive RNF26 preferentially binds Vimentin through a C-terminal motif. Loss of either RNF26 or Vimentin redistributes endolysosomes and ER membranes from the perinuclear ER towards the periphery. Furthermore, RNF26 and Vimentin control changes in ER morphology and invoke organelle compartmentalization during ER stress with consequences for stress-associated ER-phagy. Collectively, we define a new function for Vimentin-containing intermediate filaments as anchors of a dynamic interplay between the ER and endosomes, critical to the integrity of the perinuclear ER and corresponding perinuclear endosomal cloud during homeostatic and stress conditions.
2023-09-05 | PXD040760 | Pride
Project description:Intermediate filaments are regulators organismal lifespan in C. elegans
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Project description:A Balance Between Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules Maintains Nuclear Architecture in the Cardiomyocyte
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Project description:Vimentin is a Type III intermediate filament (VIF) cytoskeletal protein that regulates the mechanical and migratory behavior of cells. Its expression is considered to be a marker for the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that takes place in tumor metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms regulated by the expression of vimentin in the EMT remain largely unexplored. We created MCF7 epithelial cell lines expressing vimentin from a cumate-inducible promoter to address this question. When vimentin expression was induced in these cells, extensive cytoplasmic VIF networks were assembled accompanied by changes in the organization of the endogenous keratin intermediate filament (KIF) networks and disruption of desmosomes. Significant reductions in intercellular forces by the cells expressing VIFs were measured by quantitative monolayer traction force and stress microscopy. In contrast, laser trapping micro-rheology revealed that the cytoplasm of MCF7 cells expressing VIFs was stiffer than the uninduced cells. Vimentin expression activated transcription of genes involved in pathways responsible for cell migration and locomotion. Importantly, the EMT related transcription factor TWIST1 was upregulated only in WT vimentin expressing cells and not in cells expressing a mutant non-polymerized form of vimentin, which only formed unit length filaments (ULF). Taken together, our results suggest that vimentin expression induces a hybrid EMT correlated with the upregulation of genes involved in cell migration.
2022-09-30 | GSE206724 | GEO
Project description:Significant efforts have addressed the role of vimentin intermediate filaments (VIF) in cell motility, shape, adhesion and their connections to microfilaments (MF) and microtubules (MT). The present work uses micropatterned substrates to control the shapes of mouse fibroblasts and demonstrates that the cytoskeletal elements are dependent on each other and that unlike MF, VIF are globally controlled. For example, both square and circle shaped cells have a similar VIF distribution while MF distributions in these two shapes are quite different and depend on the curvature of the shape. Furthermore, in asymmetric and polarized shaped cells VIF avoid the sharp edges where MF are highly localized. Experiments with vimentin null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) adherent to polarized (teardrop) and un-polarized (dumbbell) patterns show that the absence of VIF alters microtubule organization and perturbs cell polarity. The results of this study also demonstrate the utility of patterned substrates for quantitative studies of cytoskeleton organization in adherent cells.
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Project description:Subversion of the host cytoskeleton is a critical virulence mechanism used by a variety of intracellular bacterial pathogens during their infectious life cycles. Growing evidence suggests that the tactics employed by pathogens are surprisingly diverse. Using proteomic and biochemical methods, we demonstrate that the S. Tm type III effector protein SopB potently interacts specifically with host cell IFs vimentin. After host cell entry, Salmonella replicates in Salmonella containing vacuoles (SCVs), which accumulate a dense meshwork of vimentin through the Salmonella SPI-1 type III secretion effector SopB. We also demonstrate an important role for SopB-vimentin interaction, in the cellular responses including pro-inflammatory cytokine production induced by Salmonella. Vimentin interacts with the N-terminus of the S. Tm T3SS effector protein SopB. Vimentin and its interaction with SopB are dispensable for S. Tm invasion, but are required for stable formation of SCVs which are essential for bacteria replication. Moreover, SopB lacking of N-terminus cdc42-binding domain loses the interaction with vimentin, suggesting that the small GTPase is critical in SopB triggered vimentin recruitment to form integrative SCVs. These findings establish that SCVs integrity of the bacterium specifically requires intermediate filaments vimentin, which is a prerequisite for highly efficient S. Tm replication.
2023-03-11 | PXD028785 | Pride
Project description:Interactions with vimentin intermediate filaments (VimIFs) affect the motility, distribution, and anchorage of mitochondria. In cells lacking VimIFs or in which VimIF organization is disrupted, the motility of mitochondria is increased relative to control cells that express normal VimIF networks. Expression of wild-type VimIF in vimentin-null cells causes mitochondrial motility to return to normal (slower) rates. In contrast, expressing vimentin with mutations in the mid-region of the N-terminal non-?-helical domain (deletions of residues 41-96 or 45-70, or substitution of Pro-57 with Arg) did not inhibit mitochondrial motility even though these mutants retain their ability to assemble into VimIFs in vivo. It was also found that a vimentin peptide consisting of residues 41-94 localizes to mitochondria. Taken together, these data suggest that VimIFs bind directly or indirectly to mitochondria and anchor them within the cytoplasm.
| S-EPMC3128530 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The intermediate filament vimentin is present in immune cells. It provides structural support to cells and functions in macrophages to coordinate inflammatory responses. Neutrophils are an abundance innate immune cell that function by distinct mechanisms from macrophages to mediate antimicrobial activities. The role of vimentin in neutrophils is not established. Here, we developed an immortalized neutrophil model to examine the requirement of vimentin. We demonstrate that vimentin restricts proinflammatory cytokine production and reactive oxygen species production, but enhances phagocytosis and swarming. We observe that vimentin is dispensable for neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, degranulation, and for inflammasome activation. Moreover, gene expression analysis defined vimentin presence was associated with expression changes in multiple genes required for mitochondrial function and ROS overproduction in the absence of vimentin. By treatment of cells producing vimentin with rotenone, an inhibitor for complex I of the electron transport chain, or by treatment of cells lacking vimentin with mitoTEMPO, a SOD mimetic, we complement the changes in ROS levels through manipulation of mitochondrial function. Together, we suggest vimentin regulates neutrophil antimicrobial functions and alters ROS levels through regulation of mitochondrial activity.
2024-09-12 | GSE262717 | GEO
Project description:Intermediate filaments constitute the third component of the cellular skeleton. Unlike actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, the intermediate filaments are composed of a wide variety of structurally related proteins showing distinct expression patterns in tissues and cell types. Changes in the expression patterns of intermediate filaments are often associated with cancer progression; in particular with phenotypes leading to increased cellular migration and invasion. In this review we will describe the role of vimentin intermediate filaments in cancer cell migration, cell adhesion structures, and metastasis formation. The potential for targeting vimentin in cancer treatment and the development of drugs targeting vimentin will be reviewed.
| S-EPMC7017239 | biostudies-literature