Cytosolic Ribosomal Protein Haploinsufficiency affects Mitochondrial Morphology and Respiration
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1176138 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The interplay between ribosomal protein composition and mitochondrial function is essential for sustaining energy homeostasis. Precise stoichiometric production of ribosomal proteins is crucial to maximize protein synthesis efficiency while reducing the energy costs to the cell. However, the impact of this balance on mitochondrial ATP generation, morphology and function remains unclear. Particularly, the loss of a single copy ribosomal protein gene is observed in Mendelian disorders like Diamond Blackfan Anemia and is common in somatic tumors, yet the implications of this imbalance on mitochondrial function and energy dynamics are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of haploinsufficiency for four ribosomal protein genes implicated in ribosomopathy disorders (rps-10, rpl-5, rpl-33, rps-23) in Caenorhabditis elegans and corresponding reductions in human lymphoblast cells. Our findings uncover significant, albeit variably penetrant, mitochondrial morphological differences across these mutants, alongside an upregulation of glutathione transferases, and SKN-1 dependent increase in oxidative stress resistance, indicative of increased ROS production. Specifically, loss of a single copy of rps-10 in C. elegans led to decreased mitochondrial activity, characterized by lower energy levels and reduced oxygen consumption. A similar reduction in mitochondrial activity and energy levels was observed in human leukemia cells with a 50% reduction in RPS10 transcript levels. Importantly, we also observed alterations in the translation efficiency of nuclear and mitochondrial electron transport chain components in response to reductions in ribosomal protein genes’ expression in both C. elegans and human cells. This suggests a conserved mechanism whereby the synthesis of components vital for mitochondrial function are adjusted in the face of compromised ribosomal machinery. Finally, mitochondrial membrane and cytosolic ribosomal components exhibited significant covariation at the RNA and translation efficiency level in lymphoblastoid cells across a diverse group of individuals, emphasizing the interplay between the protein synthesis machinery and mitochondrial energy production. By uncovering the impact of ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency on the translation efficiency of electron transport chain components, mitochondrial physiology, and the adaptive stress responses, we provide evidence for an evolutionarily conserved strategy to safeguard cellular functionality under genetic stress.
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Project description:Zinc Transporter 8 Haploinsufficiency Protects Against Beta Cell Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes by Increasing Mitochondrial Respiration
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Project description:SETD5 haploinsufficiency affects mitochondrial compartment in neural cells
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Project description:Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are heterogeneous conditions due to alterations of a variety of molecular mechanisms and cell dysfunctions. Epigenetic basis of NDDs have been reported in an increasingly number of cases while mitochondrial dysfunctions are more common within NDD patients than in the general population. Here, we investigated experimental models of Setd5 haploinsufficiency, that leads to NDDs in humans due to chromatin defects, and uncovered that mitochondrial dysfunction participates in the pathogenesis. Mitochondrial impairment is facilitated by transcriptional aberrations that follow the decrease of SETD5 enzyme. Low levels of SETD5 resulted in fragmented mitochondria, less mitochondrial potential and ATP production both in neural precursors and neurons. Mitochondria were miss-localized in mutant neurons, with few organelles within neurites and synapses. Our study explores the epigenetics/mitochondria interplay as an important aspect of NDD pathophysiology and defines the impairments of mitochondrial functionality and dynamics as new therapeutic targets for disorders associated with loss of SETD5.
2023-01-05 | GSE222188 | GEO
Project description:DYRK1A is the human orthologue of the Drosophila minibrain (mnb) gene, which is involved in postembryonic neurogenesis in flies. Because of its mapping position on chromosome 21 and the neurobehavioral alterations shown by mice overexpressing this gene, involvement of DYRK1A in some of the neurological defects of Down syndrome patients has been suggested. To gain insight into its physiological role, we have generated mice deficient in Dyrk1A function by gene targeting. Dyrk1A(-/-) null mutants presented a general growth delay and died during midgestation. Mice heterozygous for the mutation (Dyrk1A(+/-)) showed decreased neonatal viability and a significant body size reduction from birth to adulthood. General neurobehavioral analysis revealed preweaning developmental delay of Dyrk1A(+/-) mice and specific alterations in adults. Brains of Dyrk1A(+/-) mice were decreased in size in a region-specific manner, although the cytoarchitecture and neuronal components in most areas were not altered. Cell counts showed increased neuronal densities in some brain regions and a specific decrease in the number of neurons in the superior colliculus, which exhibited a significant size reduction. These data provide evidence about the nonredundant, vital role of Dyrk1A and suggest a conserved mode of action that determines normal growth and brain size in both mice and flies.
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Project description:Ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency (RPH) underlies diverse human diseases with distinct and specific phenotypes, including Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). Although multiple mechanisms have been proposed for the erythroid-specific hematopoietic defects observed in DBA, only recently has the role of selectively impaired translation been highlighted in these phenotypes. Exactly how and to what extent this impairment of translation occurs is currently unknown. Here, by identifying a novel DBA gene affecting ribosome biogenesis, we show that both RPH and impaired ribosome biogenesis (IRB) limit the availability of actively translating ribosomes, resulting in the hematopoietic and translational defects observed in DBA. Our results show that the selective impairment of translation is due to a quantitative defect, where ribosomes of invariant protein composition have a reduced abundance, rather than a qualitative defect, where a subset of ribosomes lack specific ribosomal proteins (RPs) and thus may have altered translational capacity. In RPH, we find that cellular RP homeostasis is largely maintained through translational co-regulation, and we identify a selective subset of transcripts that have impaired association with the ribosome. Surprisingly, these transcripts have short and unstructured 5’ UTRs and are highly abundant and efficiently translated in healthy human erythroid progenitors, suggesting that the impaired translation of a number of key transcripts, including GATA1, may underlie DBA. Overall, our study identifies mechanisms by which RPH and IRB affect mRNA translation, illuminating how these alterations can result in cell-type specific defects and cause human disease.
2018-02-25 | GSE89183 | GEO
Project description:Epigenomic analysis of KLF1 haploinsufficiency in primary human erythroblasts
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Project description:RARA haploinsufficiency is an invariable consequence of t(15;17) reciprocal translocations in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Furthermore, retinoids and RARA activity have been implicated in hematopoietic self-renewal, lineage commitment and neutrophil maturation. We and others therefore predicted that RARA haploinsufficiency would contribute to APL pathogenesis. To test this hypothesis we crossed RARA+/- mice with mice expressing PML-RARA from the Cathepsin G locus (mCG-PR). We found that RARA haploinsufficiency cooperated with PML-RARA, only modestly influencing the pre-leukemic and leukemic phenotype. Bone marrow from mCG-PR+/- x RARA+/- mice had decreased numbers of mature myeloid cells, increased ex vivo myeloid cell proliferation and an increased competitive advantage following transplantation. RARA haploinsufficiency did not alter mCG-PR dependent leukemic latency or penetrance, but did influence the distribution of leukemic cells; mCG-PR+/- x RARA+/- mice presented more commonly with low to normal white blood cell counts and with myeloid infiltration of lymph nodes. APL arising in these mice was responsive to ATRA, and had virtually no differences in expression profiling compared to tumors arising in mCG-PR+/- x RARA+/+ mice. These phenotypes were dependent on PML-RARA activity, since they were not detected in RARA+/- mice in the absence of the mCG-PR transgene. These data show that RARA haploinsufficiency (like PML haploinsufficiency and RARA-PML) can cooperate with PML-RARA to influence the pathogenesis and phenotype of APL in mice, but that PML-RARA is the driver of t(15;17) APL. RARA+/- mice were crossed with mice expressing PML-RARA from Cathepsin G locus (mCG-PR). Five leukemic mice were chosen from each of the mCG-PR+/-RARA+/- and mCG-PR+/-RARA+/+ strains and total RNA extracted from the spleen samples were analyzed using Affymetrics Mouse Exon 1.0 platform
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