Project description:We used experimentally evolved Drosophila pseudoobscura females, who have experienced either enforced monogamy or increased polyandry for 100 generations, to assess divergence in their transcriptomic response to both mating system variation and mating experience.
Project description:Transcription is controlled by the interactions of cis-acting DNA elements with diffusible trans-acting factors. Changes in cis or trans factors can drive expression divergence within and between species, and the relative prevalence of each can reveal the evolutionary path to variation. Previous work delineating the mode of expression divergence in animals has largely used whole body expression measurements in a single condition. Since cis-acting elements often drive expression in a subset of cell types or conditions, these measurements may not capture the complete contribution of cis-acting changes. Here, we quantify the mode of expression divergence in the Drosophila fat body, the primary immune organ, in several conditions. We performed allele-specific expression analysis using two geographically distinct lines of D. melanogaster and their F1 hybrids. We performed separate infections with Gram-negative S. marcescens or Gram-positive E. faecalis bacteria, which trigger the two primary signaling pathways in the Drosophila innate immune response. The mode of expression divergence strongly depends on the condition, with trans-acting effects dominating in response to Gram-positive infection and cis-acting effects dominating in Gram-negative and pre-infection conditions. Expression divergence in several receptor proteins may underlie the infection-specific trans effects. Before infection, when the fat body has a metabolic role, there are many compensatory effects, changes in cis and trans that counteract each other to maintain expression levels. This work demonstrates that within a single tissue, the mode of expression divergence varies between conditions and suggests that these differences reflect the diverse evolutionary histories of host-pathogen interactions.
Project description:Both cis- and trans-acting changes could accumulate and participate in complex interactions, so to isolate the cis-regulatory component of patterning evolution, we measured allele-specific spatial gene expression patterns in Drosophila melanogaster × D. simulans hybrid embryos. RNA-seq of cryosectioned slices revealed 55 genes with strong spatially-varying allele-specific expression, and several hundred more with weaker but significant spatial divergence. Combined with mathematical modeling and regulatory locus editing, we determine the SNP responsible for the allele-specific expression observed in the gene hunchback.
