Project description:Table grapes cv. Cardinal are highly perishable and their quality deteriorates during postharvest storage at low temperature mainly because of sensitivity to fungal decay and senescence of rachis. The application of a 3-day CO2 treatment with 20 kPa CO2 at 0C reduced total decay and retained fruit quality in early and late-harvested table grapes during postharvest storage. In order to study the transcriptional responsiveness of table grapes to low temperature and high CO2 levels in the first stage of storage and how the maturity stage affect these changes, we have performed a comparative large-scale transcriptional analysis. In the first stage of storage, low temperature led to a significantly intense change in grape skin transcriptome irrespective of fruit maturity, although there were different changes within each stage. In the case of CO2 treated samples, in comparison to fruit at time zero, only slight differences were observed. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that major modifications in the transcriptome profile of early- and late-harvested grapes stored at 0C are linked to biotic and abiotic stress-responsive terms. However, in both cases there is a specific reprogramming of the transcriptome during the first stage of storage at 0C in order to withstand the cold stress. Thus, genes involved in gluconeogenesis, photosynthesis, mRNA translation and lipid transport were up-regulated in the case of early-harvested grapes, and genes related to protein folding stability and intracellular membrane trafficking in late-harvested grapes. The beneficial effect of high CO2 treatment maintaining table grape quality seems to be an active process requiring the induction of several transcription factors and kinases in early-harvested grapes, and the activation of processes associated to the maintenance of energy in late-harvested grapes. Table grapes harvested at two maturity stages (early and late). 3 biological replicates. Early-harvested (MI:12.45) : Time zero, 3 days air 0C, 3 days high CO2 levels 0C. Late-harvested (MI: 41.08): Time zero, 3 days air 0C, 3 days high CO2 levels 0C.
Project description:Table grapes cv. Cardinal are highly perishable and their quality deteriorates during postharvest storage at low temperature mainly because of sensitivity to fungal decay and senescence of rachis. The application of a 3-day CO2 treatment with 20 kPa CO2 at 0C reduced total decay and retained fruit quality in early and late-harvested table grapes during postharvest storage. In order to study the transcriptional responsiveness of table grapes to low temperature and high CO2 levels in the first stage of storage and how the maturity stage affect these changes, we have performed a comparative large-scale transcriptional analysis. In the first stage of storage, low temperature led to a significantly intense change in grape skin transcriptome irrespective of fruit maturity, although there were different changes within each stage. In the case of CO2 treated samples, in comparison to fruit at time zero, only slight differences were observed. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that major modifications in the transcriptome profile of early- and late-harvested grapes stored at 0C are linked to biotic and abiotic stress-responsive terms. However, in both cases there is a specific reprogramming of the transcriptome during the first stage of storage at 0C in order to withstand the cold stress. Thus, genes involved in gluconeogenesis, photosynthesis, mRNA translation and lipid transport were up-regulated in the case of early-harvested grapes, and genes related to protein folding stability and intracellular membrane trafficking in late-harvested grapes. The beneficial effect of high CO2 treatment maintaining table grape quality seems to be an active process requiring the induction of several transcription factors and kinases in early-harvested grapes, and the activation of processes associated to the maintenance of energy in late-harvested grapes.
Project description:We report the application of next generation sequencing technology for analyzing the differentially expressed genes of grapes after treated with or without Y. lipolytica. After analyzing the differentially expressed gene, we selected some important genes related to the resistance of grapes to do RT-qPCR.
Project description:Monoterpenes are typical aroma components of muscat grape cultivars. However, the molecular mechanism of monoterpene biosynthesis between muscat and non-muscat grape remains unclear. In this study, two F1 hybrids with different aroma profiles from the cross between 'Midknight Beauty' and 'Red Globe' grapes were chosen for comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analysis to study the unique monoterpenoid accumulation pattern and related candidate genes. The results showed that in the hybrid progeny, the concentrations of most terpenoids differed at different times, and the concentration of most terpenoids increased from the pre-veraison to veraison, followed by a decreasing trend from veraison to maturity. In the F1 generation, the concentration of monoterpenes accumulated in Muscat grapes was significantly higher than that in Neutral grapes. Furthermore, linalool,α-terpineol, and L-α-terpineol may be important odorants that affect the floral characteristics of Muscat grapes because of their high odor activity values (OAVs). Transcriptional analysis identified 3 VvDXS (LOC100249323, LOC100268079, LOC100247834), 1 VvHDS (LOC100257071), 1 VvMVK (LOC100251148), 1 VvHMGR (LOC100265082), and 1 VvGGPPS (LOC100257234) in the MEP and MVA pathways. Meanwhile, 11 TPS genes that may be involved in the regulation of monoterpenes were identified. Among them, VvTPS (LOC100853562) showed consistency with the accumulation of monoterpenes and had a high expression level, MYB (LOC100255488), GATA (LOC100262474), and ERF (LOC100255943, LOC100260401) were selected as candidate transcription factors (TFs). The findings provide new insights for the subsequent functional validation and further investigation of genes related to monoterpene synthesis in Muscat aroma grapes.
Project description:Recent studies reported contradictory results regarding the role of ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), a small GTPase known to regulate actin cytoskeleton, in dendritic spine development and maintenance. We readdress this question, and found that ARF6 either positively or negatively regulates dendritic spine formation depending on neuronal maturation and activity. ARF6 activation facilitates filopodia to spines transition, increasing the spine formation in developing neurons while it decreases spine density in matured neurons. Consistently, genome-wide microarray analysis revealed that Arf6 activation in developing and matured neurons leads to opposite expression patterns of a subset of genes that are involved in neuronal morphology.
Project description:A bunch of grapes at veraison is comprised of berries at different stages of development ranging from hard green to soft red. Veraison represents an important transition stage in the ripening process where key genes may be switched on or off. Single berries at various stages of development from hard green to soft red were collected at a single time point from a single bunch of grapes going through veraison. Gene expression patterns were obtained from single berries representing different developmental stages. Keywords: Developmental series
Project description:A bunch of grapes at veraison is comprised of berries at different stages of development ranging from hard green to soft ripe red. Veraison represents an important transition stage in the ripening process where key genes may be switched on or off. Single berries at various stages of development from hard green to ripe red were collected at a single time point from a single bunch of grapes going through veraison. Gene expression patterns were obtained from single berries representing different developmental stages. Keywords: Developmental series
Project description:To characterize the ecological interactions among S. cerevisiae strains coming from the same geographical area, we examined the fitness of two natural isolates from San Giovese grapes, alone or in competition, in synthetic wine must (SWM). We performed genome-wide analyses in order to identify the genes involved in yeast competition and cooperation.