Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1199014 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:<p>The study of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in infectious diarrhea has generally been limited to cultivation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and targeted PCR assays. When individual strains of significance are identified, whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing of important clones and clades is performed. Genes that encode resistance to antibiotics have been detected in environmental, insect, human and animal metagenomes and are known as "resistomes". While metagenomic datasets have been mined to characterize the healthy human gut resistome in the Human Microbiome Project and MetaHIT and in a Yanomani Amerindian cohort, directed metagenomic sequencing has not been used to examine the epidemiology of AMR. Especially in developing countries where sanitation is poor, diarrhea and enteric pathogens likely serve to disseminate antibiotic resistance elements of clinical significance. Unregulated use of antibiotics further exacerbates the problem by selection for acquisition of resistance. This is exemplified by recent reports of multiple antibiotic resistance in Shigella strains in India, in Escherichia coli in India and Pakistan, and in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) in South-East Asia. We propose to use deep metagenomic sequencing and genome level assembly to study the epidemiology of AMR in stools of children suffering from diarrhea. Here the epidemiology component will be surveillance and analysis of the microbial composition (to the bacterial species/strain level where possible) and its constituent antimicrobial resistance genetic elements (such as plasmids, integrons, transposons and other mobile genetic elements, or MGEs) in samples from a cohort where diarrhea is prevalent and antibiotic exposure is endemic. The goal will be to assess whether consortia of specific mobile antimicrobial resistance elements associate with species/strains and whether their presence is enhanced or amplified in diarrheal microbiomes and in the presence of antibiotic exposure. This work could potentially identify clonal complexes of organisms and MGEs with enhanced resistance and the potential to transfer this resistance to other enteric pathogens.</p> <p>We have performed WGS, metagenomic assembly and gene/protein mapping to examine and characterize the types of AMR genes and transfer elements (transposons, integrons, bacteriophage, plasmids) and their distribution in bacterial species and strains assembled from DNA isolated from diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools. The samples were acquired from a cohort of pediatric patients and controls from Colombia, South America where antibiotic use is prevalent. As a control, the distribution and abundance of AMR genes can be compared to published studies where resistome gene lists from healthy cohort sequences were compiled. Our approach is more epidemiologic in nature, as we plan to identify and catalogue antimicrobial elements on MGEs capable of spread through a local population and further we will, where possible, link mobile antimicrobial resistance elements with specific strains within the population.</p>
| phs001260 | dbGaP
Project description:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been an increasingly serious threat to global public health. The contribution of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals to the development of antibiotic resistance has been overlooked.Proteomic analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism of AMR caused by non-antibiotics.
2024-01-26 | PXD048908 |
Project description:Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens to bring Mtb to the forefront of bacterial pathogens as the current treatments are increasingly becoming ineffective. Understanding the development of AMR and the virulence processes of Mtb is crucial for the identification of new drug targets and the rational design of anti-TB treatments. One of the established mechanisms of resistance is through the function of efflux proteins, which are transmembrane transporters that bind and remove antibiotic molecules out from the cell. Here, we determine the role of Rv3728, a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) efflux pump protein, which also predicted to bind 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Using bioinformatic tools and cAMP binding assay, we confirm that Rv3728 binds to cAMP and identified E597 and R606 as important residues involved in binding. Although Rv3728 deletion has no impact on bacterial resistance and tolerance to different antibiotics, it affects membrane permeability and alters the acylation profile of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides lipids.
2024-06-10 | GSE268977 | GEO
Project description:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis that is predicted to worsen. While improper antibiotic usage is an established driver, less is known on the impacts of metal supplements. Here, we probe the impact of zinc (Zn) on AMR. In conflict settings where diarrhea disease cases are high, Zn, which is associated with weapons of war, is given as a supplement for diarrhea treatment prior to antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin. In this study, we find that E. coli’s exposure order to zinc impacts resistance development, with increasing pre-exposure leading to accelerated ciprofloxacin resistance, while combined exposure of zinc with ciprofloxacin delays ciprofloxacin resistance. We did not find evidence that zinc pre-exposure leads to genetic changes or changes in antibiotic tolerance, though the lag phase and doubling time of E. coli was increased, suggesting gene expression may be changed. While the zinc phenotype was no longer observed if ciprofloxacin exposure did not occur right after zinc pre-exposure, the resulting elevated MIC was more stable. These results are important as they highlight the need to reexamine the clinical role of zinc in treating diarrheal diseases and assess if changes in resistance development observed in vitro are also observed in vivo.
2023-06-13 | GSE234536 | GEO
Project description:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a serious public and economic threat. The rate of bacteria acquiring AMR surpasses the rate of new antibiotics discovery, projecting more deadly AMR infections in the future. The Pathogen Box is an open-source library of drug-like compounds that can be screened for antibiotic activity. We have screened molecules of the Pathogen Box against Vibrio cholerae, the cholera-causing pathogen, and successfully identified two compounds, MMV687807 and MMV675968, that inhibit growth. RNA-seq analyses of V. cholerae after incubation with each compound revealed that both compounds affect cellular functions on multiple levels including carbon metabolism, iron homeostasis, and biofilm formation. In addition, whole-genome sequencing analysis of spontaneous resistance mutants identified an efflux system that confers resistance to MMV687807. We also identified that the dihydrofolate reductase is the likely target of MMV675968 suggesting it acts as an analog of trimethoprim but with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 14-fold lower than trimethoprim in molar concentration. In summary, these two compounds that effectively inhibit V. cholerae and other bacteria may lead to the development of new antibiotics for better treatment of the cholera disease.
2021-11-18 | GSE185596 | GEO
Project description:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing challenge for therapy and management of bacterial infections. Currently, antimicrobial resistance detection relies on phenotypic assays, which are performed independently of species identification. On the contrary, phenotypic prediction from molecular data using genomics is gaining interest in clinical microbiology and might become a serious alternative in the future. Although, in general protein analysis should be superior to genomics for phenotypic prediction, no untargeted proteomics workflow specifically related to AMR detection has been proposed so far. In this study, we present a universal proteomics workflow to detect the bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance related proteins in the absence of secondary antibiotic cultivation in less than 4 h from a primary culture. The method was validated using a sample cohort of 7 bacterial species and 11 AMR determinants represented by 13 protein isoforms which resulted in a sensitivity of 92 % (100 % with vancomycin inference) and a specificity of 100 % with respect to AMR determinants. This proof-of concept study demonstrates the high potential of untargeted proteomics for clinical microbiology.
2021-11-25 | PXD022425 | Pride
Project description:The rapid global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that increasingly invalidates conventional antibiotics has become a huge threat to human health. Although nanosized antibacterial agents have been extensively explored, they cannot sufficiently discriminate between microbes and mammals, which necessitates the exploration of other antibiotic-like candidates for clinical uses. Herein, two-dimensional boron nitride (BN) nanosheets are reported to exhibit antibiotic-like activity to AMR bacteria. Interestingly, BN nanosheets had AMR-independent antibacterial activity without triggering secondary resistance in their long-term use and displayed excellent biocompatibility in mammals. Surface proteome analysis coupled with molecular dynamic simulations and Bio-Layer Interferometry revealed that BN nanosheets could rapidly interact with the key surface proteins of cell division including FtsP, EnvC, and TolB, resulting in a specific antibacterial mechanism by impairment of Z-ring constriction in cell division. Notably, BN nanosheets had a potent antibacterial effect in a lung infection model by P. aeruginosa (AMR), displaying a two-fold increment of survival rate. Overall, these results suggested that BN nanosheets could be a promising nano-antibiotic to combat resistant bacteria and prevent AMR evolution.
2023-04-15 | PXD033277 | JPOST Repository
Project description:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major challenges that humans are facing this century. Understanding the mechanisms behind the rise of AMR is crucial to tackle this global threat. Among the triggers of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance, the contribution of transition metals has been understudied in Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs), a fast-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium known for its extreme AMR levels. Deeper understanding of the effects of transition metal ions will be beneficial for our knowledge in AMR and the discovery of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the impact of transition metal ions, nickel, cobalt and copper on the physiology and drug susceptibility of Mabs.
2024-09-13 | GSE243031 | GEO
Project description:The presence of Donor-Specific anti-HLA Antibodies (DSA) is associated with an increased risk of both acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in kidney allografts. AMR has remained challenging in kidney transplantation and is the major cause of late allograft loss. However, not all patients with DSA develop AMR, leading to the question of whether this represents accommodation, if other protective mechanisms exist or if this is actually a state of pre-rejection. Clinical and histological features, and gene expression profiles of kidney biopsy and blood samples of donor-specific antibody (DSA)+ patients without rejection were compared to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) patients to elucidate the mechanisms involved in prevention of AMR. Of the 71 DSA+ patients, 46 had diagnosis of AMR and 25 did not show rejection. 50 DSA- patients without rejection were used as control. A subgroup of patients with available biopsy (n=61) and blood samples (n=54) were analyzed by microarrays. Both, DSA+/AMR+ and DSA+/AMR- biopsies showed increased expression of gene transcripts associated with cytotoxic T, natural killer cells, macrophages, interferon-gamma and rejection compared to DSA- biopsies. Regulatory T cell transcripts were up-regulated in DSA+/AMR+ and B cell transcripts in DSA+/AMR- biopsies. Whole blood gene expression analysis showed increased immune activity in only DSA+/AMR+ patients. There were no differentially expressed tolerant genes studied (n=14) in the blood or biopsy specimens of DSA+/AMR- patients. During a median 36 months follow-up, 4 DSA+/AMR- patients developed AMR, 12 continued to have DSAs but 9 lost DSAs. Gene expression profiles did not predict the development of AMR or persistence of DSAs. These results indicate increased immune activity in DSA+/AMR- biopsies despite lack of histologic findings of rejection.
2013-08-23 | GSE50084 | GEO