Metagenomes (microbiomes) on the surface of murals of Shunling Southern Tang Dynasty Tomb of China
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1206947 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The microbial colonization on ancient murals attracts more and more attention since the threaten by microorganisms was first reported in Lascaux, Spain. However, the biodeterioration or biodegradation of mural paintings resulted by microorganisms is not clear yet. Especially the biological function of microbial communities in different conditions remained largely unaddressed. The two mausoleums of the Southern Tang Dynasty are the largest group of emperor mausoleums during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in China, which are of great significance to the study of the architecture, imperial mausoleum systems and art in the Tang and Song Dynasties. To make clear the species composition and metabolic functions of different microbial communities (MID and BK), we analyzed the samples from the wall paintings in one of the two mausoleums of the Southern Tang Dynasty with metagenomics method. The result showed totally 55 phyla and 1729 genera were detected in the mural paintings. The two microbial community structure were similar with the dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria. However, the species abundance presented a significant difference between two communities at genus level --- MID is Lysobacter, Luteimonas are predominant in MID while Sphingomonas and Streptomyces are popular in BK, which is partially attributed to the different substrate materials of murals. As a result, the two communities presented the different metabolic patterns that MID community was mainly participated in the formation of biofilm as well as the degradation of exogenous pollutants while the BK was predominantly related to the photosynthesis process and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Taken together, these findings indicated the effect of environmental factor on the taxonomic composition and functional diversity of the microbial populations. The installation of artificial lighting needs to be considered carefully in the future protection of cultural relics.
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Project description:Metaproteomic analysis of King Ghezo's tomb wall in Abomey (Benin), capital of the ancient kingdom of Dahomey. Without any a priori metaproteomics interpretation allowed identification of the proteins and their taxonomical origins, and thus archaeological reconstruction of voodoo rituals of consecration and maintenance of vitality.
2024-11-06 | PXD040121 | Pride
Project description:The Mausoleum of the Dingtao King (termed 'M2') is a large-scale huangchang ticou tomb that dates to the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-25 A.D.). It is the highest-ranking Han Dynasty tomb discovered to date. However, biodeterioration on the surface of the tomb M2 is causing severe damage to its wooden materials. The aim of the present study was to give insight into the fungal communities colonized the wooden tomb. For this purpose, seven samples were collected from different sections of the tomb M2 which exhibited obvious biodeterioration in the form of white spots. Microbial structures associated with the white spots were observed with scanning electron microscopy. Fungal community structures were assessed for seven samples via a combination of high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent techniques. Sequencing analyses identified 114 total genera that belonged to five fungal phyla. Hypochnicium was the most abundant genus across all samples and accounted for 98.61-99.45% of the total community composition. Further, Hypochnicium sp. and Mortierella sp. cultures were successfully isolated from the tomb samples, and were distinguished as Hypochnicium sp. WY-DT1 and Mortierella sp. NK-DT1, respectively. Cultivation-dependent experiments indicated that the dominant member, Hypochnicium sp. WY- DT1, could grow at low temperatures and significantly degraded cellulose and lignin. Thus, our results taken together suggest that this fungal strain must be regarded as a serious threat to the preservation of the wooden tomb M2. The results reported here are useful for informing future contamination mitigation efforts for the tomb M2 as well as other similar cultural artifacts.
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Project description:Based on the framework of historical geography, this paper studies the panorama of Chinese river basin in Tang Dynasty, and attempts to reveal the connection between boat and panorama of river basin. Research uses logistic regression as method, takes 13,100 five-characters and eight-lines poems in Tang Dynasty as samples to study the influencing factors of boat. Results show that a total of 218 Chinese characters have a statistically significant effect on the factor of boat (P ≤ 0.05), including 141 risk factors and 77 protective factors. This research deepens the historical geography understanding of following nine aspects related to the “boat” in Tang Dynasty: ① waterfront regions, ② natural water systems, ③ aquatic animals & plants, ④ official travel, ⑤ fishery & commerce, ⑥ boat driving, ⑦ wonderful time, ⑧ emotion of boat trip, ⑨ daily life on boat. Highlights • Based on the framework of historical geography, the results of the study provide many new discoveries for historical geomorphology, historical economics, historical animals and plants, and historical culture.• A large number of samples and calculations enhance the credibility of the study.• This study not only validates some previous studies, but also deepens historical geography understanding of following nine aspects in Tang Dynasty: ① waterfront regions, ② natural water systems, ③ aquatic animals & plants, ④ official travel, ⑤ fishery & commerce, ⑥ boat driving, ⑦ wonderful time, ⑧ emotion of boat trip, ⑨ daily life on boat.• The research summarized the huge results and gave a full and literary interpretation.
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