ABSTRACT: The trans-NIH Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) is identifying and sequencing full-length cDNA clones, with more than 10,000 cDNAs completed so far
Project description:BACKGROUND: In order to contribute to the establishment of a complete map of transcribed regions of the human genome, we constructed a testicular cDNA library for the cynomolgus monkey, and attempted to find novel transcripts for identification of their human homologues. RESULT: The full-insert sequences of 512 cDNA clones were determined. Ultimately we found 302 non-redundant cDNAs carrying open reading frames of 300 bp-length or longer. Among them, 89 cDNAs were found not to be annotated previously in the Ensembl human database. After searching against the Ensembl mouse database, we also found 69 putative coding sequences have no homologous cDNAs in the annotated human and mouse genome sequences in Ensembl.We subsequently designed a DNA microarray including 396 non-redundant cDNAs (with and without open reading frames) to examine the expression of the full-sequenced genes. With the testicular probe and a mixture of probes of 10 other tissues, 316 of 332 effective spots showed intense hybridized signals and 75 cDNAs were shown to be expressed very highly in the cynomolgus monkey testis, but not ubiquitously. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we determined 302 full-insert sequences of cynomolgus monkey cDNAs with enough length of open reading frames to discover novel transcripts as human homologues. Among 302 cDNA sequences, human homologues of 89 cDNAs have not been predicted in the annotated human genome sequence in the Ensembl. Additionally, we identified 75 dominantly expressed genes in testis among the full-sequenced clones by using a DNA microarray. Our cDNA clones and analytical results will be valuable resources for future functional genomic studies. Keywords: other
Project description:Production of biopharmaceuticals relies on the expression of mammalian cDNAs in host organisms. Here we show that the expression of a human cDNA in the moss Physcomitrium patens generates the expected full-length and four additional transcripts due to unexpected splicing. This mRNA splicing results in non-functional protein isoforms, cellular misallocation of the proteins and low product yields. We integrated these results together with the results of our analysis of all 32,926 protein-encoding Physcomitrella genes and their 87,533 annotated transcripts in a web application, physCO, for automatized optimization. A thus optimized cDNA results in about twelve times more protein, which correctly localizes to the ER. An analysis of codon preferences of different production hosts suggests that similar effects occur also in non-plant hosts. We anticipate that the use of our methodology will prevent so far undetected mRNA heterosplicing resulting in maximized functional protein amounts for basic biology and biotechnology.
Project description:The purpose of this microarray experiment was to validate the Del-Mar 14K Chicken Integrated Systems Microarray for different chicken tissues and to determine the utility of this chicken cDNA microarray for other closely related and more distant avian species. The Del-Mar 14 K array was constructed from cDNAs amplified from EST clones sequenced from five normalized chicken cDNA libraries derived from neuroendocrine (5,929), abdominal fat (4,800), liver (2,635), skeletal muscle (2,398), reproductive tract (2,008), 387 long (70mer) oligonucleotides and 72 quality control spots. The array contains 17,770 cDNA clones, where protein matches were found by BlastX analysis for 68% of chicken contigs and 46% of singleton sequences represented on the array. A reference RNA design was used for the hybridization of total RNA from four chicken tissues (liver, abdominal fat, breast muscle and hypothalamus) and the cross-species hybridization (CSH) of total RNA from tissue from birds representing four orders of the Class Aves [Galliformes (chicken, Coturnix quail and domestic turkey), Anseriformes (Peking duck), Falconiformes (American kestrel) and Passeriformes (American tree sparrow)]. A reference RNA pool was made from an equal amount of high-quality total RNA extracted from chicken liver, abdominal fat, breast muscle and hypothalamus. Each of the 43 microarrays was co-hybridized with Cy3-labeled cDNA targets from one of the avian tissue samples and Cy5-labled cDNA targets from the reference chicken RNA pool. Loess-normalized data were used to determine the number of cDNAs expressed in chicken tissues and the number of genes (cDNAs) detectable by cross-hybridization with various avian tissue samples. The Cy5-labeled reference samples were used to determine the coefficient of variation across the 43 microarrays. This study shows a remarkably high level of cross hybridization of Cy3-labeled cDNA targets from a wide range of avian species to the Del-Mar 14K microarray, where 38 to 62% of the cDNA probes on the chicken array (genes) were detectable. Keywords: Transcriptional profiling, Del-Mar 14K Chicken Integrated Systems Microarray validation, multi-tissues, cross-species hybridization, class Aves
Project description:Cultured shrimp are continuously exposed to variable environmental conditions which are associated with stress and subsequent outbreaks of disease. To investigate the effect of environmental stress on Penaeus monodon gene expression, a 3853 random cDNA microarray chip was generated with clones originating from 6 stress-enriched hemocyte libraries generated by suppression subtractive hybridization and a normal hemocyte cDNA library. Changes in temporal gene expression were analyzed from shrimp exposed to hypoxic, hyperthermic and hypoosmotic conditions. 3.1% of the cDNAs were differentially expressed in response to at least one of the environmental stressors. 70% of the differentially expressed clones had no significant sequence similarity to previously known genes. Among those genes with high identity to known sequences, the most common functional groups were immune related genes and non-LTR retrotransposons. Hierarchical clustering revealed a set of cDNAs with temporal and stressspecific gene expression profiles as well as a set of cDNAs indicating a common stress response between stressors. Hypoxic and hyperthermic stressors induced the most severe short-term response in terms of gene regulation, and the osmotic stress had the least variation in expression profiles relative to the control. These expression data agree with observed differences in shrimp physical appearance and behavior following exposure to stress conditions. Keywords: stress response, shrimp, time series
Project description:BACKGROUND: In order to contribute to the establishment of a complete map of transcribed regions of the human genome, we constructed a testicular cDNA library for the cynomolgus monkey, and attempted to find novel transcripts for identification of their human homologues. RESULT: The full-insert sequences of 512 cDNA clones were determined. Ultimately we found 302 non-redundant cDNAs carrying open reading frames of 300 bp-length or longer. Among them, 89 cDNAs were found not to be annotated previously in the Ensembl human database. After searching against the Ensembl mouse database, we also found 69 putative coding sequences have no homologous cDNAs in the annotated human and mouse genome sequences in Ensembl.We subsequently designed a DNA microarray including 396 non-redundant cDNAs (with and without open reading frames) to examine the expression of the full-sequenced genes. With the testicular probe and a mixture of probes of 10 other tissues, 316 of 332 effective spots showed intense hybridized signals and 75 cDNAs were shown to be expressed very highly in the cynomolgus monkey testis, but not ubiquitously. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we determined 302 full-insert sequences of cynomolgus monkey cDNAs with enough length of open reading frames to discover novel transcripts as human homologues. Among 302 cDNA sequences, human homologues of 89 cDNAs have not been predicted in the annotated human genome sequence in the Ensembl. Additionally, we identified 75 dominantly expressed genes in testis among the full-sequenced clones by using a DNA microarray. Our cDNA clones and analytical results will be valuable resources for future functional genomic studies.
Project description:The zinc-inducible C/EBP expression vectors pMTa, pMTb, pMTd and pMTe were constructed by cloning the human C/EBPa, C/EBPb, C/EBPd and C/EBPe cDNAs, respectively, into the pMTCB6+ vector. NIH 3T3 cells were transfected with zinc-inducible C/EBP vectors as well as control empty vector using the GenePORTER™ transfection Reagent (GTS Inc.). Multiple polyclonal clones were obtained by selection with G418 (700 mg/ml). Clones were screened by Western blot analysis for C/EBP protein expression following induction for 16 h with ZnSO4 (100 mM). Triplicate clones of NIH 3T3 cells were induced by addition of ZnSO4 (100 mM) for 16 h to the medium. Total RNA was isolated using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Biotinylated cRNAs were prepared and hybridized to murine MG_74Av2 microarrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA), which contains >12 000 genes. The probed arrays were scanned with a Hewlett Packard Gene Array scanner. The scanned output image files were analyzed using Affymetrix Microarray Suite version 5.0. To identify genes that were differently expressed between the five-sample sets (empty vector, C/EBPa, C/EBPb, C/EBPd and C/EBPe) class compression analysis were performed using BRBArray Tools (developed by Richard Simon and Amy Peng Lam; http://linus.nci.nih.gov/BRB-ArrayTools.html). Medium normalization was applied to the arrays and the percent absent filter was set at 80% to exclude probe sets that were unreliable. A list of 158 genes with probability of 95% that contain no more then 10% false discoveries was generated. Of these genes, 117 were significant at the 0.001 level of univariate F-test used and the remaining 41 were significant at the 0.027 level. Keywords: other
Project description:The zinc-inducible C/EBP expression vectors pMTa, pMTb, pMTd and pMTe were constructed by cloning the human C/EBPa, C/EBPb, C/EBPd and C/EBPe cDNAs, respectively, into the pMTCB6+ vector. NIH 3T3 cells were transfected with zinc-inducible C/EBP vectors as well as control empty vector using the GenePORTER⢠transfection Reagent (GTS Inc.). Multiple polyclonal clones were obtained by selection with G418 (700 mg/ml). Clones were screened by Western blot analysis for C/EBP protein expression following induction for 16 h with ZnSO4 (100 mM). Triplicate clones of NIH 3T3 cells were induced by addition of ZnSO4 (100 mM) for 16 h to the medium. Total RNA was isolated using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Biotinylated cRNAs were prepared and hybridized to murine MG_74Av2 microarrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA), which contains >12 000 genes. The probed arrays were scanned with a Hewlett Packard Gene Array scanner. The scanned output image files were analyzed using Affymetrix Microarray Suite version 5.0. To identify genes that were differently expressed between the five-sample sets (empty vector, C/EBPa, C/EBPb, C/EBPd and C/EBPe) class compression analysis were performed using BRBArray Tools (developed by Richard Simon and Amy Peng Lam; http://linus.nci.nih.gov/BRB-ArrayTools.html). Medium normalization was applied to the arrays and the percent absent filter was set at 80% to exclude probe sets that were unreliable. A list of 158 genes with probability of 95% that contain no more then 10% false discoveries was generated. Of these genes, 117 were significant at the 0.001 level of univariate F-test used and the remaining 41 were significant at the 0.027 level.
Project description:Measurement of changes in the mRNA transcript abundance of 1709 cDNAs in desiccated (5% RWC) and hydrated (100% RWC) Xerophyta humilis leaves and roots, and in mature seeds. 3105 cDNA clones (corresponding to 1709 unique cDNAs) were randomly selected from X. humilis cDNA libraries (Leaf Dehydration (LD), Leaf Rehydration (LR), Root Dehydration (RD) and Root Rehydration (RR)), amplified by PCR, and printed on each glass slide multiple times (ranging from 4 to 12X), such that each printed block contained a random unbiased mixture of cDNAs from the 4 different cDNA libraries. Total RNA extracted from each X. humilis leaf, root and seed sample was labelled with Cy3 and hybridized to the printed cDNA arrays. Data was recorded for three biological replicates for each of the samples being investigated.
Project description:Detailed global proteomics analysis for NF1 deficient cells and tissues is lacking. We investigated proteomes from immortalized human Schwann cells with (+/+) and without (-/-) NF1 to evaluate potential biomarkers and targets in NF1 deficient cells. We identified over 1900 proteins in both cell lines and find 148 proteins with differential expression levels based on genotype. Following Ingenuity Pathway analysis (IPA), we found multiple pathways were altered including decrease in “oxidative phosphorylation,” increases in “mitochondrial dysfunction”, and “glycolysis”, as well as changes in “Myelination Signaling Pathway.” Next, we stably transfected NF1 -/- cells with tagged mNf1 cDNAs (either WT or variant) and again evaluated the global proteome. We identified an overall trend of metabolic differences pertaining to oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria dysfunction, and glycolysis in the mutant cDNA expressing cells compared to WT cDNA cells. We then validated differential expression of the following proteins: LAMC1, CYB5R3, and SOD2. Additionally, we used the encoded Strep tag on the cDNA to affinity purity NF1 Protein-Protein interactors from the Schwann cells expressing WT and variant cDNAs. We were able to identify 98 PPIs and 9 overlap with prior HEK293 cell datasets while 89 are unique to Schwann cells. GO analysis indicates many of these PPIs play a role in protein-transporting ATP synthase complex or are involved with intermediate filaments. While we were able to show that some of these bind differentially to variant isoforms, variations within NF1 did not significantly impact ability to bind partners. Finally, we show that loss of NF1 impacts Schwann cell mitochondrial respiration via Seahorse validating our proteomics data and indicating that NF1 plays a significant role in in mitochondrial metabolism that results in proteomics changes in Schwann cells.