Project description:CD138-selected marrow plasma cells from newly diagnosed AL patients were studied for cyclin D1 expression. We identified patients whose plasma cells overexpressed cyclin D1 and compared them to those whose cells did not.
Project description:CD138-selected marrow plasma cells from newly diagnosed AL patients were studied for cyclin D1 expression. We identified patients whose plasma cells overexpressed cyclin D1 and compared them to those whose cells did not. We compared two groups of AL patients based cyclin D1 expression being high or low.
Project description:Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a life-threatening plasma cell dyscrasia manifested by irreversible damage of multiple organs caused by monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain, production of pathogenic bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs). Although AL is featured by both misfolding of monoclonal protein and plasma cell proliferation, the functional subclones and molecular mechanism of BMPCs in AL remain elusive. Also, inter-individual heterogeneities of AL determine the chemotherapy response and organ tropism of light chains, which require well-defined molecular subtypes. To address these, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of BMPCs donated by patients with AL, patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and healthy controls. Single-cell transcriptome revealed a continuity of bone marrow plasma cell (BMPC) functional subclones, delineating DNA repair, cell proliferation, immunoglobulin production, etc., with the gradient of signaling entropy and immunoglobulin production. The amyloidosis-associated genes, such as the amyloid-beta binding Apolipoprotein E (APOE), Cystatin 3 (CST3), and Complement C1q A Chain (C1QA), were up-regulated in a subclone enriched in AL. The speculated light chain-producing subclones in AL up-regulated neutrophil degranulation pathways, transport to and modifications in Golgi apparatus, and asparagine N-linked protein glycosylation. Cyclin D1 (CCND1)hi AL, consisted of larger main subclones which highly expressed Bcl-2 complex and B-cell differentiation genes, was sensitive to venetoclax that targets Bcl-2. A major subset of CCND1low AL harbored larger carbohydrate-synthesizing subclone and up-regulated CCND2 and the amyloidosis-associated genes. Collectively, our results provided frontier insights into the functional subclones and molecular mechanism of BMPCs in AL, associated with amyloidosis, light chain production and venetoclax sensitivity, as knowledge for the future research on AL pathogenesis, AL subtypes and AL-specific therapies.
Project description:Efficacy of the Multi-Kinase Inhibitor Enzastaurin is Dependent on Cellular Signaling Context Testing a panel of SCCHN cell lines revealed variable sensitivity to enzastaurin which correlated significantly with baseline cyclin D1 protein expression. Moreover, sensitivity and resistance could be reversed, respectively, by expression or depletion of cyclin D1. Furthermore, analysis of sensitive and resistant cell lines revealed distinct differences in cyclin D1 regulation. Enzastaurin modulated cyclin D1 synthesis via an AKT regulated pathway in the former while high level CCND1 gene amplification was present in the latter. These results underscore the critical relevance of cellular signaling context in developing cancer therapies, in general, and suggest that enzastaurin, in particular, would be most effective in tumors where baseline cyclin D1 expression is low to moderate and physiologically regulated.
Project description:Efficacy of the Multi-Kinase Inhibitor Enzastaurin is Dependent on Cellular Signaling Context Testing a panel of SCCHN cell lines revealed variable sensitivity to enzastaurin which correlated significantly with baseline cyclin D1 protein expression. Moreover, sensitivity and resistance could be reversed, respectively, by expression or depletion of cyclin D1. Furthermore, analysis of sensitive and resistant cell lines revealed distinct differences in cyclin D1 regulation. Enzastaurin modulated cyclin D1 synthesis via an AKT regulated pathway in the former while high level CCND1 gene amplification was present in the latter. These results underscore the critical relevance of cellular signaling context in developing cancer therapies, in general, and suggest that enzastaurin, in particular, would be most effective in tumors where baseline cyclin D1 expression is low to moderate and physiologically regulated. CAL-27 cells were treated with the inhibitors for 24 hours and the gene expression from each group were analyzed
Project description:Cyclin D1 belongs to the core cell cycle machinery1, and it is frequently overexpressed in human cancers2. The full repertoire of cyclin D1 functions in normal development and in cancer cells is currently unknown. To address this question, here we introduce a novel approach that allows one to determine the set of cyclin D1-interacting proteins (D1 “interactome”) and cyclin D1-bound genomic fragments (D1 “cistrome”) in essentially any mouse organ, at any point of development or at any stage of cancer progression. Using this approach, we detected several novel tissue-specific interactors of cyclin D1. A significant number of these partners represent proteins involved in transcription. We show, using genome-wide location analysis3, that cyclin D1 occupies promoters of a very large number of genes in the developing mouse, where it binds in close proximity to transcription start sites. Bioinformatics analyses of cyclin D1-bound genomic segments in the developing embryo revealed DNA recognition sequences for several transcription factors. By querying SAGE libraries4, promoter CpG content5 and gene expression profiles of cyclin D1-null organs, we demonstrate that cyclin D1 binds promoters of highly expressed genes, and that it functions to activate or to repress gene expression in vivo. Analyses of cyclin D1 transcriptional targets reveal that cyclin D1 contributes to cell proliferation by upregulating genes required for S-phase entry and progression. Hence, cyclin D1 plays a broad transcriptional regulatory function in vivo during normal mouse development.
Project description:The cyclin D1 oncogene encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates the Rb protein and promotes progression through G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Several prostate cancer cell lines and a subset of primary prostate cancer samples have increased cyclin D1 protein expression. However, the relationship between cyclin D1 expression and prostate tumor progression has yet to be clearly characterized. This study examined the effects of manipulating cyclin D1 expression in either human prostatic epithelial or stromal cells using a tissue recombination model. The data showed that overexpression of cyclin D1 in the initiated BPH-1 cell line increased cell proliferation rate, but did not elicit tumorigenicity in vivo. However, overexpression of cyclin D1 in Normal Prostate Fibroblasts (NPF) that were subsequently recombined with BPH-1 did induce malignant transformation of the epithelial cells. The present study also showed that recombination of BPH-1 + cyclin D1 overexpressing fibroblasts (NPF cyclin D1) resulted in permanent malignant transformation of epithelial cells (BPH-1 NPF-cyclin D1 cells) similar to that seen with Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs). Microarray analysis showed that the expression profiles between CAFs and NPF cyclin D1 cells were highly concordant including cyclin D1 upregulation. These data indicated that the tumor-promoting activity of cyclin D1 may be tissue-specific. Keywords: cyclin D1; stromal-epithelial interactions; prostate cancer; cDNA microarray
Project description:Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell neoplasm characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation leading to cyclin D1 overexpression. Cyclin D1 is a major cell cycle regulator and also has a role in transcription, but the effect of the latter in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the transcriptional role of cyclin D1 in MCL and its impact on the pathogenesis of this neoplasm. Integrating genome-wide expression analysis of cyclin D1-silenced and overexpressing cells with cyclin D1 chromatin binding profiles, we identified a cyclin D1-activated transcriptional program in MCL cells. We used microarrays to analyze the genome-wide expression modulation in cyclin D1 overexpression models established in the cyclin D1-negative lymphoblastoid cell line JVM13.