Project description:CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from HIV infected patients with HIV-RNA viremia of >50 copies/ml and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from healthy controls were isolated by negative selection (Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, CA). Cell sorting of the CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets were performed based on surface staining of CD3+CD8+ or CD3+CD4+ and na ve CD45RA+CD27+CD127highHLA-DRlow, and CD3+CD8+ or CD3+CD4+ and memory CD45RA-CD27+CD127highHLA-DRlow. Sorted cell populations were spun down and stored as dry pellets at -80M-BM-0C. Samples analyzed by transcript levels of genes related to cytokine signaling were determined by the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway microarray. CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from HIV infected patients with HIV-RNA viremia of >50 copies/ml and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from healthy controls were isolated by negative selection (Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, CA). Cell sorting of the CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets were performed based on surface staining of CD3+CD8+ or CD3+CD4+ and naM-CM-/ve CD45RA+CD27+CD127highHLA-DRlow, and CD3+CD8+ or CD3+CD4+ and memory CD45RA-CD27+CD127highHLA-DRlow. Sorted cell populations were spun down and stored as dry pellets at -80M-BM-0C. Samples analyzed by transcript levels of genes related to cytokine signaling were determined by the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway microarray (http://www.sabiosciences.com/rt_pcr_product/HTML/PAHS-039A.html, SABiosciences Frederick, MD). Briefly, total RNA was harvested from each individual T cell subset from each patient or healthy control and contaminating DNA was digested with DNase. Messenger RNA was converted to cDNA and loaded onto PCR array plates for quantitative real-time PCR. Quantification of transcript levels was determined by normalizing to 5 housekeeping genes from each individual sample. Relative gene expression levels for each subset were averaged and compared between cell populations from the patient group and healthy controls. Because of the multiple comparisons only p values M-bM-^IM-$ 0.01 were considered significant.

Project description:High levels of HIV-1 replication during the chronic phase of infection are usually associated with rapid disease progression (RP). However, a minority of HIV-infected individuals remain asymptomatic and show persistently high CD4+ T cell counts despite high viremia for many years (viremic non progressors, VNP). The latter profile is reminiscent of the non-pathogenic model of SIV infection in natural hosts such as the sooty mangabey. We used various genomic approaches to examine 66 RP and 6 VNP defined according to strict criteria. RP were characterized by depletion of protective HLA alleles, enrichment of HLA alleles associated with disease progression, and a characteristic transcriptome profile of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells similar to that observed in pathogenic SIV infection of rhesus macaque. In contrast, VNPs presented lower expression of interferon stimulated genes than RP, and shared with SIV-infected sooty mangabeys a common profile of regulation of a set of genes that includes CASP1, CD38, LAG3, TNFSF13B, SOCS1 and EEF1D. The estimated 8% of RP and 0.1% of VNP in human cohorts represent two subsets of HIV-infected individuals whose analysis may inform our understanding of HIV pathogenesis. Selection criteria rapid progressors (RP): HIV seroconversion window <1 year WITH documented negative and positive serology or biological proof of primary infection. AND One of A) or B) A) >2 CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/µl within 3 years of seroconversion AND no subsequent rise of CD4+ T cells above 350 cells/µl in the absence of ART. B) ART initiated within 3 years of seroconversion AND CD4+ T cell count within 1 month of ART-start <350 cells/µl. Selection criteria viremic non progressors (VNP): > 3 years of follow-up AND median HIV viremia from >3 measurements >100'000 viral RNA copies/ml AND HIV viremia consistently above 10’000 copies/ml AND CD4+ T cell count above 350 cells/µl AND no ART during follow-up. Selection criteria elite/viremic controllers (EC): see Casado et al. 2010. Host and viral genetic correlates of clinical definitions of HIV-1 disease progression. PLoS ONE 5:e11079. Total RNA from 41 samples obtained from CD4 T cells from HIV infected individuals to identify associations between gene expression and different distinct patterns of disease progression Total RNA from 38 samples obtained from CD8 T cells from HIV infected individuals to identify associations between gene expression and different distinct

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