Project description:MafF-/-: MafG+/+: MafK-/- mice are viable, while MafF-/-: MafG-/-: MafK-/- mice are embryonic lethal. To get an insight into the cause of the lethality of small Maf triple knockout mice, transcriptome analysis was performed using whole embyos of MafF-/-: MafG-/-: MafK-/- at E10.5 and those of MafF-/-: MafG+/+: MafK-/- at E9.5 or E10.5. Because MafF-/-: MafG-/-: MafK-/- embryos exhibit growth retardation, the gene expression profile of MafF-/-: MafG-/-: MafK-/- embryos at E10.5 was compared with that of MafF-/-: MafG+/+: MafK-/- embyos at E9.5. The gene expression profile of MafF-/-: MafG+/+: MafK-/- embryos at E10.5 was also examined as an alternative control. Total RNA was prepared from pooled three embryos for each sample.
Project description:MafF-/-: MafG+/+: MafK-/- mice are viable, while MafF-/-: MafG-/-: MafK-/- mice are embryonic lethal. To get an insight into the cause of the lethality of small Maf triple knockout mice, transcriptome analysis was performed using whole embyos of MafF-/-: MafG-/-: MafK-/- at E10.5 and those of MafF-/-: MafG+/+: MafK-/- at E9.5 or E10.5. Because MafF-/-: MafG-/-: MafK-/- embryos exhibit growth retardation, the gene expression profile of MafF-/-: MafG-/-: MafK-/- embryos at E10.5 was compared with that of MafF-/-: MafG+/+: MafK-/- embyos at E9.5. The gene expression profile of MafF-/-: MafG+/+: MafK-/- embryos at E10.5 was also examined as an alternative control.
Project description:To elucidate the functional roles of sMafs in the adult liver, we conditionally targeted the sMaf genes using a transgenic complementation rescue approach. MafF-/-::MafG-/-::MafK-/- (F0G0K0) mice are embryonic lethal but can be rescued by complementation of transgenic MafG expression under the regulation of the MafG regulatory domain (MGRD). Therefore, we rescued F0G0K0 mice using a MGRD transgenic mouse line with a MafG gene flanked with loxP (fMafG) sequences so that the MafG gene could be deleted by Cre-mediated recombination. The Albumin(Alb)-Cre transgenic mice were used to delete fMafG gene specifically in the liver. The genotype used are MafF-/-::MafG-/-::MafK-/-::MGRD-fMafG::Alb-Cre (liver-specific sMaf CKO) and MafF-/-::MafG+/-::MafK-/-::MGRD-fMafG::Alb-Cre (control).
Project description:Although majority of the genes linked to pediatric cataract exhibit lens fiber cell-enriched expression, our understanding of gene regulation in these cells is limited to function of just eight transcription factors and largely in the context of crystallins. Here, we identify small Maf transcription factors MafG and MafK as regulators of several non-crystallin human cataract genes in fiber cells and establish their significance to cataract. We applied a bioinformatics tool for cataract gene discovery iSyTE to identify MafG and its co-regulators in the lens, and generated various null-allelic combinations of MafG:MafK mouse mutants for phenotypic and molecular analysis. By age 4-months, MafG-/-:MafK+/- mutants exhibit lens defects that progressively develop into cataract. High-resolution phenotypic characterization of MafG-/-:MafK+/- lens reveals severe defects in fiber cells, while microarrays-based expression profiling identifies 97 differentially regulated genes (DRGs). Integrative analysis of MafG-/-:MafK+/- lens-DRGs with 1) binding-motifs and genomic targets of small Mafs and their regulatory partners, 2) iSyTE lens-expression data, and 3) interactions between DRGs in the String database, unravels a detailed small Maf regulatory network in the lens, several nodes of which are linked to human cataract. This analysis prioritizes 36 highly promising candidates from the original 97 DRGs. Significantly, 8/36 (22%) DRGs are associated with cataracts in human (GSTO1, MGST1, SC4MOL, UCHL1) or mouse (Aldh3a1, Crygf, Hspb1, Pcbd1), suggesting a multifactorial etiology that includes elevation of oxidative stress. These data identify MafG and MafK as new cataract-associated candidates and define their function in regulating largely non-crystallin genes linked to mouse and human cataract. Microarray comparision of lenses from mixed background (129Sv/J, C57BL/6J, and ICR) control (MafG+/-:MafK+/-; no-cataract) and compound (MafG-/-:MafK+/-; cataract) mouse mutants
Project description:Deficiency of the small Maf proteins Mafg and Mafk cause multiple defects, namely, progressive neuronal degeneration, cataract, thrombocytopenia and mid-gestational/perinatal lethality. Previous data shows Mafg-/-:Mafk+/- compound knockout (KO) mice exhibit cataracts age 4-months onward. Strikingly, Mafg-/-:Mafk-/- double KO mice develop lens defects significantly early in life, during embryogenesis, but the pathobiology of these defects is unknown, and is addressed here. At embryonic day (E)16.5, the epithelium of lens in Mafg-/-:Mafk-/- animals appears abnormally multilayered as demonstrated by E-cadherin and nuclear staining. Additionally, Mafg-/-:Mafk-/- lenses exhibit abnormal distribution of F-actin near the “fulcrum” region where epithelial cells undergo apical constriction prior to elongation and reorientation as early differentiating fiber cells. To identify the underlying molecular changes, we performed high-throughput RNA-sequencing of E16.5 Mafg-/-:Mafk-/- lenses and identified a cohort of differentially expressed genes that were further prioritized using stringent filtering criteria and validated by RT-qPCR. Several key factors associated with the cytoskeleton, cell cycle or extracellular matrix (e.g. Cdk1, Cdkn1c, Camsap1, Col3A1, Map3k12, Sipa1l1) were mis-expressed in Mafg-/-:Mafk-/- lenses. Further, the congenital cataract-linked extracellular matrix peroxidase Pxdn was significantly overexpressed in Mafg-/-:Mafk-/- lenses, which may cause abnormal cell morphology. These data also identified the ephrin signaling receptor Epha5 to be reduced in Mafg-/-:Mafk-/- lenses. This likely contributes to the Mafg-/-:Mafk-/- multilayered lens epithelium pathology, as loss of an ephrin ligand, Efna5 (ephrin-A5), causes similar lens defects. Together, these 35 findings uncover a novel early function of Mafg and Mafk in lens development and identify their new downstream regulatory relationships with key cellular factors.
Project description:Although majority of the genes linked to pediatric cataract exhibit lens fiber cell-enriched expression, our understanding of gene regulation in these cells is limited to function of just eight transcription factors and largely in the context of crystallins. Here, we identify small Maf transcription factors MafG and MafK as regulators of several non-crystallin human cataract genes in fiber cells and establish their significance to cataract. We applied a bioinformatics tool for cataract gene discovery iSyTE to identify MafG and its co-regulators in the lens, and generated various null-allelic combinations of MafG:MafK mouse mutants for phenotypic and molecular analysis. By age 4-months, MafG-/-:MafK+/- mutants exhibit lens defects that progressively develop into cataract. High-resolution phenotypic characterization of MafG-/-:MafK+/- lens reveals severe defects in fiber cells, while microarrays-based expression profiling identifies 97 differentially regulated genes (DRGs). Integrative analysis of MafG-/-:MafK+/- lens-DRGs with 1) binding-motifs and genomic targets of small Mafs and their regulatory partners, 2) iSyTE lens-expression data, and 3) interactions between DRGs in the String database, unravels a detailed small Maf regulatory network in the lens, several nodes of which are linked to human cataract. This analysis prioritizes 36 highly promising candidates from the original 97 DRGs. Significantly, 8/36 (22%) DRGs are associated with cataracts in human (GSTO1, MGST1, SC4MOL, UCHL1) or mouse (Aldh3a1, Crygf, Hspb1, Pcbd1), suggesting a multifactorial etiology that includes elevation of oxidative stress. These data identify MafG and MafK as new cataract-associated candidates and define their function in regulating largely non-crystallin genes linked to mouse and human cataract.
Project description:Comparison of gene expression profiles from Mus musculus brain at age 30 months. The RNA-seq data comprise 1 groups. Jena Centre for Systems Biology of Ageing - JenAge (www.jenage.de)
Project description:Comparison of gene expression profiles from Mus musculus brain (hemisphere) of animals kept in standard environment and enriched environment. The RNA-seq data comprise 4 groups: 2 age groups, each w/ and w/o enriched environment. Jena Centre for Systems Biology of Ageing - JenAge (www.jenage.de)
Project description:Comparison of gene expression profiles from Mus musculus brain (hippocampus) of animals kept in standard environment and enriched environment. The RNA-seq data comprise 4 groups: 2 age groups, each w/ and w/o enriched environment. Jena Centre for Systems Biology of Ageing - JenAge (www.jenage.de)
Project description:Comparison of gene expression profiles from Mus musculus skin of two age groups. The RNA-seq data comprise 2 groups at ages: 2 and 9 months. Jena Centre for Systems Biology of Ageing - JenAge (www.jenage.de)