Project description:High concenHigh concentration acetic acid in the fermentation medium represses cell growth, metabolism and fermentation efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is widely used for cellulosic ethanol production. Our previous study proved that supplementation of zinc sulfate in the fermentation medium improved cell growth and ethanol fermentation performance of S. cerevisiae under acetic acid stress condition. However, the molecular mechanisms is still unclear. To explore the underlying mechanism of zinc sulfate protection against acetic acid stress, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis were performed. The changed genes and proteins are related to carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, energy metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis and stress responses. In a total, 28 genes showed same expression in transcriptomic and proteomic data, indicating that zinc sulfate affects gene expression at posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels.tration acetic acid in the fermentation medium represses cell growth, metabolism and fermentation efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is widely used for cellulosic ethanol production. Our previous study proved that supplementation of zinc sulfate in the fermentation medium improved cell growth and ethanol fermentation performance of S. cerevisiae under acetic acid stress condition. However, the molecular mechanisms is still unclear. To explore the underlying mechanism of zinc sulfate protection against acetic acid stress, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis were performed. The changed genes and proteins are related to carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, energy metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis and stress responses. In a total, 28 genes showed same expression in transcriptomic and proteomic data, indicating that zinc sulfate affects gene expression at posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels.
Project description:Population adaptation to strong selection can occur through the sequential or parallel accumulation of competing beneficial mutations. The dynamics, diversity and rate of fixation of beneficial mutations within and between populations are still poorly understood. To study how the mutational landscape varies across populations during adaptation, we performed experimental evolution on seven parallel populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae continuously cultured in limiting sulfate medium. By combining qPCR, array CGH, restriction digestion and CHEF gels, and whole genome sequencing, we followed the trajectory of evolution to determine the identity and fate of beneficial mutations. Over a period of 200 generations, the yeast populations displayed parallel evolutionary dynamics that are driven by the coexistence of independent beneficial mutations. Selective amplifications rapidly evolve under this selection pressure, in particular common inverted amplifications containing the sulfate transporter gene SUL1. Compared to single clones, detailed analysis of the populations uncovers a greater complexity whereby multiple subpopulations arise and compete despite a strong selection. The most common evolutionary adaptation to strong selection in these populations grown in sulfate limitation is determined by clonal interference, with adaptive variants both persisting and replacing one another.