Project description:For identifying genes for sex determination in papaya, digital gene expression analysis by Ht-SuperSAGE (Matsumura et al., 2010) was carried out in flowers from male, female and hermaphrodite plants of papaya. Total more than 9,273,744 26bp-tags were obtained by sequence analysis using SOLiD3 and mapped on papaya primitive sex chromosome sequences.
Project description:For identifying genes for sex determination in papaya, digital gene expression analysis by Ht-SuperSAGE (Matsumura et al., 2010) was carried out in flowers from male, female and hermaphrodite plants of papaya. Total more than 9,273,744 26bp-tags were obtained by sequence analysis using SOLiD3 and mapped on papaya primitive sex chromosome sequences. 6 samples examined: male young flowerbud, male mature flower bud, female young flower bud, female mature flower bud, hermaphrodite young flower bud, hermaphrodite mature flower bud
Project description:Lysine crotonylation of histone proteins is a recently-identified post-translational modification with multiple cellular functions. However, lysine crotonylation of non-histone proteins in fruit cells has not yet been studied. Using high-resolution LC-MS/MS coupled with highly sensitive immune-affinity antibody analysis, a global crotonylation proteome analysis of papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit was performed. In total, 2,120 proteins with 5,995 lysine crotonylation sites were discovered, among which eight conserved motifs were identified. Bioinformatic analysis linked crotonylated proteins to multiple metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of antibiotics, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis. Notably, 40 crotonylated enzymes involved in various amino acid metabolism pathways were identified, suggesting a potential conserved function for crotonylation in the regulation of amino acid metabolism. Numerous crotonylation sites were identified in proteins involved in hormone signaling and cell wall-related pathways, indicating a role for crotonylation in the regulation of fruit ripening in papaya. Our comprehensive crotonylation proteome indicates diverse functions for lysine crotonylation in fruit ripening-related proteins.
Project description:Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a typical climacteric fruit, undergoing massive physico-chemical changes during ripening. Although papaya is widely cultivated and consumed, few studies have characterized the variations in metabolism during its ripening process at the proteasome level. Using an integrated approach involving Tandem Mass Tag labeling and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, proteomes of papaya fruit at different ripening stages were investigated. A total of 3220 proteins were identified, of which 2818 were quantified. The differential accumulated proteins (DAPs) exhibited various biological functions and diverse subcellular localizations. Among the DEPs, most of the pathogen defense-related proteins were down-regulated, suggesting that disease resistance decreased during the ripening process. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that various metabolic pathways were significantly altered, particularly in flavonoid and fatty acid metabolisms. The up-regulation of several flavonoid biosynthesis-related proteins may provide more raw materials for pigment biosynthesis, accelerating the color variation of papaya fruit. Thus, variations in the fatty acid metabolism-related enzymes were investigated. For example, a lipoxygenase, which catalyzes the conversion of ACC to ethylene, was significantly induced, suggesting a cross-talk between the lipoxygenase-mediated fatty acid metabolism and the hormone-controlled fruit ripening in papaya. Furthermore, the contents of several important fatty acids were determined, and increased unsaturated fatty acids may be associated with papaya fruit volatile formation. Our data may give an intrinsic explanation of the variations in metabolism during the ripening process of papaya fruit and serve as a comprehensive resource for investigating the regulation mechanism involved.
Project description:To uncover a suit of genes related to the consumer preferred flavours, whole RNA sequencing followed by de novo genome assembly was performed on extreme flavoured papaya varieties RB1 (preferred with sweet flavour and floral aroma) and 1B (non-preferred with bitter flavour and musty aroma) fruits at ripe and unripe stages. We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of 2 different papaya varieties at ripe and unripe stages.