Project description:Survey of single and double stranded DNA non-enveloped viruses on the skin of WHIM patients, healthy controls and other immune compromised patients
| PRJNA396064 | ENA
Project description:Insect transposable elements in large double-stranded DNA viruses
| PRJNA692820 | ENA
Project description:Ultra-deep sequencing of large double-stranded DNA viruses
Project description:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped, coated, non-cytopathic and hepatotropic partially double-stranded DNA virus in the family Hepadnaviridae genus Orthohepadnavirus. Despite significant progress in the availability of safe vaccines and antiviral therapies against HBV, it still affects approximately 257 million people worldwide and is responsible for about 887,000 deaths per year around the world [4]. HBV infection, which are associated with acute and chronic liver failure responses to viruses attacked the liver, can result in inactive carrier state, chronic hepatitis, or fulminant hepatitis and put them at high risk to develop advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular cancer. Many viral factors, which could affect the disparity of clinical outcomes or disease prognosis during chronic HBV infection, have been reported in previous studies; among them, the viral genotype, as well as HBV mutations ascribing the virus to a certain phenotype, was reported to be the most important factor influencing viral pathogenesis, including the change of host immune recognition, the enhanced virulence with increased HBV replication and the facilitation of cell attachment or penetration.
Project description:Cancer cachexia has been linked to gut bacterial alterations, but alterations of gut viruses, mostly bacteriophages, have not yet been explored. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing of DNA from stool samples of 78 cachectic and 42 non-cachectic cancer patients. K-mer-based matching to reference databases revealed abundance variations of bacteria and viruses. Beyond bacterial alterations, cachectic patients exhibited significantly lower bacteriophage abundance, predominantly affecting Caudovirales and Siphoviridae species (double-stranded DNA) but also Inoviridae and Microviridae families (single-stranded DNA).
Project description:Hepatoviruses, a common cause of acute hepatitis in humans, are atypical picornaviruses released from cells in small vesicles resembling exosomes. We show the nonlytic release of these quasi-enveloped virions is mediated by a C-terminal extension of the VP1 capsid protein (pX) that binds the Bro1 domains of ALIX and HD-PTP, and recruits the ubiquitin ligase ITCH to drive an association with endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT). Fusing pX to a self-assembling, de novo designed nanocage protein resulted in ESCRT-dependent release mediated by a 20-amino acid core sequence containing a Y[KR]xxR[LM] motif conserved in viruses from bats to humans. Mutations in this motif ablate release and lead virus to accumulate intracellularly. Our study identifies an exceptionally potent viral export signal mediating extracellular release of virus-sized protein assemblies, identifies its key cellular binding partners, and shows non-lytic release of quasi-enveloped virus is a tightly orchestrated and ancient evolutionary trait of hepatoviruses.
Project description:The poxviruses are a family of linear double-stranded DNA viruses about 130 to 230 kbp, that belong to the family Poxviridae. The poxviruses have an animal origin and have evolved to infect a wide host range. Variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, is a poxvirus that infect only humans, but other poxviruses such monkey pox virus and cowpox virus have also across over from animals to infect humans. Therefor understanding the biology of poxviruses can help to devise antiviral strategies. In this study we used a system-based approach to examine the host responses to three different orthopoxviruses, CPXV, VACV and ECTV in the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line.
