Project description:Alnus glutinosa belongs to a family of angiosperms called actinorhizal plants because they can develop nitrogen-fixing nodules in association with the soil bacteria Frankia. The aim of this transcriptomic study was to get a global view of the plant symbiotic genetic program and to identify new key plant genes that control nodulation during symbiosis in A. glutinosa. Symbiosis between A. glutinosa and Frankia was obtained after inoculation of young plant with a concentrated culture of the bacteria. Inoculation was performed in a medium depleted in nitrogen which favors the induction of nitrogen fixing symbiosis. For this study we considered two stages of symbiosis: - an early stage where inoculated roots were harvested 7 days after inoculation with the bacteria and compared to two controls (non-inoculated roots grown with or without nitrogen and harvested at the same time) - a late stage where nodules (nitrogen-fixing specific organs) were harvested 21 days after inoculation and compared to non-inoculated roots harvested on the day of inoculation (which is our reference time 0d). Three biological replicates were used for each condition.
Project description:Alnus glutinosa belongs to a family of angiosperms called actinorhizal plants because they can develop nitrogen-fixing nodules in association with the soil bacteria Frankia. The aim of this transcriptomic study was to get a global view of the plant symbiotic genetic program and to identify new key plant genes that control nodulation during symbiosis in A. glutinosa. Symbiosis between A. glutinosa and Frankia was obtained after inoculation of young plant with a concentrated culture of the bacteria. Inoculation was performed in a medium depleted in nitrogen which favors the induction of nitrogen fixing symbiosis. For this study we considered two stages of symbiosis: - an early stage where inoculated roots were harvested 7 days after inoculation with the bacteria and compared to two controls (non-inoculated roots grown with or without nitrogen and harvested at the same time) - a late stage where nodules (nitrogen-fixing specific organs) were harvested 21 days after inoculation and compared to non-inoculated roots harvested on the day of inoculation (which is our reference time 0d). Three biological replicates were used for each condition. Microarrays were designed by Imaxio (Clermont Ferrand, France ; http://www.imaxio.com/index.php) which has been accredited by Agilent Technologies (Palo Alto, CA, USA; http://www.home.agilent.com/agilent/home.jspx) as a certified service provider for microarray technologies. Based on 14327 annotated unigenes for A. glutinosa, 60mers probes were designed using eArray software (1 probe per unigene) and custom 8 x 15K Oligo Microarrays were manufactured by Agilent
Project description:We characterized the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-responding desiccome from the most geographically widespread Gram-positive nitrogen-fixing plant symbiont, i.e. Frankia alni, by next-generation proteomics.
Project description:Casuarina glauca belongs to a family of angiosperms called actinorhizal plants because they can develop nitrogen-fixing nodules in association with the soil bacteria Frankia. The aim of this transcriptomic study was to get a global view of the plant symbiotic genetic program and to identify new key plant genes that control nodulation during symbiosis in C. glauca. Symbiosis between C. glauca and Frankia was obtained after inoculation of young plant with a concentrated culture of the bacteria. Inoculation was performed in a medium depleted in nitrogen which favors the induction of nitrogen fixing symbiosis. For this study we considered two stages of symbiosis: - an early stage where inoculated roots were harvested 7 days after inoculation with the bacteria and compared to two controls (non-inoculated roots grown with or without nitrogen and harvested at the same time) - a late stage where nodules (nitrogen-fixing specific organs) were harvested 21 days after inoculation and compared to non-inoculated roots harvested on the day of inoculation (which is our reference time 0d). Three biological replicates were used for each condition.
Project description:Casuarina glauca belongs to a family of angiosperms called actinorhizal plants because they can develop nitrogen-fixing nodules in association with the soil bacteria Frankia. The aim of this transcriptomic study was to get a global view of the plant symbiotic genetic program and to identify new key plant genes that control nodulation during symbiosis in C. glauca. Symbiosis between C. glauca and Frankia was obtained after inoculation of young plant with a concentrated culture of the bacteria. Inoculation was performed in a medium depleted in nitrogen which favors the induction of nitrogen fixing symbiosis. For this study we considered two stages of symbiosis: - an early stage where inoculated roots were harvested 7 days after inoculation with the bacteria and compared to two controls (non-inoculated roots grown with or without nitrogen and harvested at the same time) - a late stage where nodules (nitrogen-fixing specific organs) were harvested 21 days after inoculation and compared to non-inoculated roots harvested on the day of inoculation (which is our reference time 0d). Three biological replicates were used for each condition. Microarrays were designed by Imaxio (Clermont Ferrand, France ; http://www.imaxio.com/index.php) which has been accredited by Agilent Technologies (Palo Alto, CA, USA; http://www.home.agilent.com/agilent/home.jspx) as a certified service provider for microarray technologies. Based on 14327 annotated unigenes for C. glauca, 60mers probes were designed using eArray software (1 probe per unigene) and custom 8 x 15K Oligo Microarrays were manufactured by Agilent.
Project description:The actinobacteria Frankia alni is able to induce the formation of nodules on the root of a large spectrum of actinorhizal plants, where it converts dinitrogen to ammonia in exchange for plant photosynthates. In the present study, transcriptional analyses were performed on nitrogen-replete free-living cells and on Alnus glutinosa nodule bacteria, using whole genome microarrays. Distribution of nodule-induced genes on the genome was found to be mostly over regions with high synteny between three Frankia genomes, while nodule-repressed genes, which were mostly hypothetical and not conserved, were spread around the genome. Genes known to be related to symbiosis were highly induced: nif (nitrogenase), hup2 (hydrogenase uptake), suf (sulfur-iron cluster) and shc (hopanoids synthesis). The expression of genes involved in ammonium assimilation and transport was strongly modified suggesting that bacteria ammonium assimilation was limited. Genes involved in particular in transcriptional regulation, signalling processes, protein drug export, protein secretion, lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan biosynthesis that may play a role in symbiosis were also identified. We showed that this nodule transcriptome of Frankia was highly similar among phylogenetically distant plant families. To address gene expression changes of Frankia alni ACN in the symbiotic state, we compared transcript levels between young nodules formed on 4 species of trees (Alnus glutinosa, Alnus nepalensis, Myrica gale and Myrica rubra) and free-living cells grown in nitrogen-replete minimal medium. For A. glutinosa nodule and free-living cells, two sets of experiments (A and B) were performed in two different laboratories. Three biological replicates were preformed for each condition.