Project description:We speculated that distinct levels of Id2 was deterministic in the transcriptional program of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. To test this hypothesis, we subjected DbNP366-specific effector CD8+ T cells purified according to their differential expression of Id2-GFP (Id2-GFPint and Id2-GFPhigh) to microarray analysis and compared their gene expression profiles to the differentially expressed genes identified by comparing Id2-deficient and wild-type DbNP366-specific CD8+ T cells. This analysis revealed that the transcriptional program of CD8+ T cell differentiation is exquisitely sensitive to the concentration of Id2. PR8-primed Id2gfp/gfp mice were challenged after one month with influenza intranasally HKx31 virus and analysed on day 9 for the expression of Id2-GFP in DbNP366+CD44+ CD8+ T cells. DbNP366-specific CD8+ T cells were then separated into virus-specific CD8+ T cells that expressed intermediate or high levels of GFP. Purified Id2-GFPintermediate (int) and Id2-GFPhigh DbNP366-specific CD8+ T cells were analysed by mRNA whole genome microarray. Three replicates of each group (Id2-GFPint or Id2-GFPhigh) were analysed.
Project description:CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are critical for viral clearance from the lungs upon influenza virus infection. The contribution of cross-presentation to the induction of anti-viral cytotoxic T cells remains debated. Here, we used a recombinant influenza virus expressing a NS1-GFP reporter gene to visualize the route of antigen presentation by lung dendritic cells (DC) upon viral infection in vivo. We found that lung CD103+ DC are the only subset to carry intact GFP protein to the draining lymph nodes. Strikingly, lung migratory CD103+ DC are not productively infected by influenza virus and thus induce virus-specific CD8+ T cells through the cross-presentation of antigens from virally infected cells. We also show that CD103+ DC resistance to infection correlates with an increased antiviral state in these cells that is dependent on the expression of IFN receptor alpha. In conclusion, these results establish that efficient cross-priming by migratory lung DC is coupled to the acquisition of an anti-viral status, which is dependent on type I IFN signaling pathway. mRNA profiles were generated by deep-sequencing in Illumina HiSeq2000 from alveolar macrophages and CD103+ dendritic cells from lungs of untreated and flu-treated mice
Project description:CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are critical for viral clearance from the lungs upon influenza virus infection. The contribution of cross-presentation to the induction of anti-viral cytotoxic T cells remains debated. Here, we used a recombinant influenza virus expressing a NS1-GFP reporter gene to visualize the route of antigen presentation by lung dendritic cells (DC) upon viral infection in vivo. We found that lung CD103+ DC are the only subset to carry intact GFP protein to the draining lymph nodes. Strikingly, lung migratory CD103+ DC are not productively infected by influenza virus and thus induce virus-specific CD8+ T cells through the cross-presentation of antigens from virally infected cells. We also show that CD103+ DC resistance to infection correlates with an increased antiviral state in these cells that is dependent on the expression of IFN receptor alpha. In conclusion, these results establish that efficient cross-priming by migratory lung DC is coupled to the acquisition of an anti-viral status, which is dependent on type I IFN signaling pathway.
Project description:During an immune response, CD8 T cells fall along a gradient of memory potential, but the regulators of these fate decsisions are not well understood. We utlized Id3-GFP and Id2-YFP reporter mice to elucidate the role of Id3 and Id2 during early CD8 T cell differentiation by gene expression. Id3-GFP hi Id2-YFP int or Id3-GFP lo Id2-YFP hi OT-I cells were sorted into trizol at day 6 of VSV-OVA infection and analyzed by microarray
Project description:The transcription factor Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) modulates T cell fate decisions but the molecular mechanism underpinning this regulation is unclear. Here, using whole genome mRNA analysis we show that loss of Id2 programs CD8+ T cells to adopt a memory fate with increased Eomesodermin and Tcf7 expression. Our findings reveal that the Id2-E2A axis orchestrates T cell differentiation through the induction or repression of downstream transcription factors essential for effector and memory T cell differentiation. Wild-type and Id2fl/flLckCre+ DbNP366-specific CD8+ T cells were isolated from the spleen of PR8-primed/HKx31-infected Ly5.2+Id2fl/flLckCre+:Ly5.1+ mixed bone marrow chimeric mice ten days after intranasal influenza infection and analysed by whole genome mRNA analysis. Three biological replicates of each genotype were subjected to microarray analysis.
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE36461: MiRNA profiling during infection with H1N1 influenza A virus (A/Mexico/InDRE4487/H1N1/2009) GSE36462: MiRNA profiling during infection with H7N7 influenza A virus (A/Ck/Germany/R28/H7N7/2003) GSE36553: mRNA profiling during infection with H1N1 influenza A virus (A/Mexico/InDRE4487/H1N1/2009) Refer to individual Series
Project description:We speculated that distinct levels of Id2 was deterministic in the transcriptional program of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. To test this hypothesis, we subjected DbNP366-specific effector CD8+ T cells purified according to their differential expression of Id2-GFP (Id2-GFPint and Id2-GFPhigh) to microarray analysis and compared their gene expression profiles to the differentially expressed genes identified by comparing Id2-deficient and wild-type DbNP366-specific CD8+ T cells. This analysis revealed that the transcriptional program of CD8+ T cell differentiation is exquisitely sensitive to the concentration of Id2.
Project description:MicroRNA microarray expression dataset evaluating relative changes in microRNA expression levels between naïve and effector OT-I CD8+ T cells during influenza virus infection in mice.
Project description:Antiviral responses must be regulated to rapidly defend against infection while minimizing inflammatory damage, but the mechanisms for establishing the magnitude of response within an infected cell are not well understood. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein levels by binding target sequences on their cognate mRNA. Here we identify miR-144 as a negative regulator of the host antiviral response. Ectopic expression of miR-144 resulted in increased replication of three RNA viruses, influenza, EMCV, and VSV, in primary mouse lung epithelial cells. To elucidate the mechanism whereby miR-144 increases influenza replication within lung epithelial cells, immortalized murine Type I epithelial cells (Let1 cells) stably over-expressing miR-144 were infected with influenza A for 1 or 18 hours and the transcriptional profile was compared with those of infected control cells. This systems biology approach identified the transcriptional network regulated by miR-144 and demonstrated that it controls the TRAF6/IRF7 antiviral response by post-transcriptionally suppressing TRAF6 levels. In vivo ablation of miR-144 reduced influenza replication within the lung. 16 RNA samples from immortalized murine Type I airway epithelial cells (Let1 cells) were analyzed using Agilent microarrays. Cells expressing miR-144, miR-451, or a vector control (GFP) were analyzed after infection with PR8 influenza virus (MOI=5) for 1 or 18 hours.