Project description:We characterized the mouse trophoblast giant cell epigenome and gene expression profiles. We then compared these data to our data on underrepresentation in the polyploid trophoblast giant cells.
Project description:We characterized the mouse trophoblast giant cell epigenome and gene expression profiles. We then compared these data to our data on underrepresentation in the polyploid trophoblast giant cells. We profiled 5 histone modifications (+ chromatin input) using ChIP-Seq, and digital expression profiles (3' RNA-Seq) for trophoblast giant cells derived from mouse. Furthermore, we profiled digital expression profiles (3' RNA-Seq) for in vivo trophoblast giant cells samples from e9.5 wildtype mouse trophoblast giant cells. We found that underrepresented domains in trophoblast giant cells are enriched for repressive marks and anti-correlate with active marks and transcription.
Project description:We characterized regions of underrepresentation that are specific to mouse polyploid trophoblast giant cells. We performed array Comparative Genomics Hybridization (aCGH) to examine copy number variation (CNV) in mouse polyploid trophoblast giant cells (TGCs). We performed the following experiments in duplicates to examine CNV during various stages of in vivo and in vitro TGC development: e9.5 TGCs vs. embryonic controls, e11.5 TGCs vs. embryonic controls, e13.5 TGCs vs. embryonic controls, e16.5 TGCs vs. embryonic controls, as well as TGCs cultured 3, 5 and 7 days vs. 2N trophoblast stem cells. We also performed the following controls to show that underrepresentation is only found in polypoid trophoblast giant cells and not in either 2N placental cell types nor in other types of polyploid cells: 2N placenta disk vs. embryonic controls, 2N trophoblast stem cells vs. embryonic stem cells, and polyploid Megakaryocytes vs. embryonic controls. When possible, we performed arrays with the test and control samples of opposite sex (F-female, M-male), as an internal control for the array.
Project description:Introgressed variants from other species can be an important source of genetic variation because they may arise rapidly, can include multiple mutations on a single haplotype, and have often been pretested by selection in the species of origin. Although introgressed alleles are generally deleterious, several studies have reported introgression as the source of adaptive alleles-including the rodenticide-resistant variant of Vkorc1 that introgressed from Mus spretus into European populations of Mus musculus domesticus. Here, we conducted bidirectional genome scans to characterize introgressed regions into one wild population of M. spretus from Spain and three wild populations of M. m. domesticus from France, Germany, and Iran. Despite the fact that these species show considerable intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation, introgression was observed in all individuals, including in the M. musculus reference genome (GRCm38). Mus spretus individuals had a greater proportion of introgression compared with M. m. domesticus, and within M. m. domesticus, the proportion of introgression decreased with geographic distance from the area of sympatry. Introgression was observed on all autosomes for both species, but not on the X-chromosome in M. m. domesticus, consistent with known X-linked hybrid sterility and inviability genes that have been mapped to the M. spretus X-chromosome. Tract lengths were generally short with a few outliers of up to 2.7 Mb. Interestingly, the longest introgressed tracts were in olfactory receptor regions, and introgressed tracts were significantly enriched for olfactory receptor genes in both species, suggesting that introgression may be a source of functional novelty even between species with high barriers to gene flow.