Project description:In Apis mellifera, the female eggs can develop into workers or queen depending on the diet offered during early development. The outputs of the developed honeybee females are two morphs with particular morphological traits and related physiology. The differential feeding regime experienced by the queen and the worker larvae of the honeybee Apis mellifera shapes a complex endocrine response cascade that ultimately sets up differences in brain morphologies. Herein we report on aspects of brain morphogenesis during larval development and the brain gene expression signature of fourth instar larvae (L4) of both castes, a developmental stage characterized by the greatest differences in juvenile hormone (JH) titers between castes Using results from the hybridization of whole genome-based oligonucleotide arrays with RNA samples from brain of fourth instar larvae honeybees of both castes we present a list of differentially expressed genes.
Project description:We analyzed the changes in the brain tissue of Apis mellifera ligustica at the molecular level by sequencing after using fluvalinate. We found that the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEM) may be involved in hippocampal cell apoptosis and damage to memory functions. This result may be related to behaviors observed after the administration of this medication, such as a lack of homing at night and behavioral disturbances. Overall, our results provide new information about the molecular mechanisms and pathways of fluvalinate action in the brain tissue of Apis mellifera ligustica.
Project description:In Apis mellifera, the female eggs can develop into workers or queen depending on the diet offered during early development. The outputs of the developed honeybee females are two morphs with particular morphological traits and related physiology. The differential feeding regime experienced by the queen and the worker larvae of the honeybee Apis mellifera shapes a complex endocrine response cascade that ultimately sets up differences in brain morphologies. Herein we report on aspects of brain morphogenesis during larval development and the brain gene expression signature of fourth instar larvae (L4) of both castes, a developmental stage characterized by the greatest differences in juvenile hormone (JH) titers between castes Using results from the hybridization of whole genome-based oligonucleotide arrays with RNA samples from brain of fourth instar larvae honeybees of both castes we present a list of differentially expressed genes. Analysis used one dye-swap combination to compare workers and queens brain development at fourth instar larvae when juvenile hormone titers is higher in queens.
Project description:Epigenetic modifications are known to profoundly affect the development and behavior of social insects. In the well-known caste differentiation process of honeybee (Apis mellifera), female larvae with identical genomes are fed royal jellydifferently and develop into either normal workers or into very large, long-lived, and extremely fecund queens, and the queen-worker asymmetry of honeybee is known to be result largely to differential genomic imprinting during larval development that involves DNA methylation-based regulation. The discovery of reversible N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation modification has defined a new era for RNA-metabolism-related genetic regulation, yet much remains unknown about m6A-mediated post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Here, we report the first honeybee RNA m6A methylome. Specifically, we used the m6A-seq technique to examine the RNA m6A methylomes of honeybee larvae, including queen and worker larvae at multiple instar stages. We identified multiple conserved features of m6A methylation machinery and transcriptome-wide m6A distribution trends among insect species, and observed that m6A marks exert functions in regulating caste differentiation, with apparently particularly strong functional impacts on fifth instar worker larvae. Functional annotation of differentially methylated candidate caste-differentiation-related transcripts revealed many known regulators of caste differentiation (e.g. ILP-2, p110, PI3K, and JHAMT etc.) as well as the widely-studied Vitellogenin gene, which has not previously been implicated in caste differentiation. As ever-more regulatory roles for m6A marks are discovered, honeybees may become an excellent model studying the biology of such epi-transcriptomic regulatory systems, from embryonic development through holometabolous caste-specific development and on towards behavior and the emergent social hierarchies underlying eusociality in animals.