Project description:Primary objectives: The primary objective is to investigate circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) via deep sequencing for mutation detection and by whole genome sequencing for copy number analyses before start (baseline) with regorafenib and at defined time points during administration of regorafenib for treatment efficacy in colorectal cancer patients in terms of overall survival (OS).
Primary endpoints: circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) via deep sequencing for mutation detection and by whole genome sequencing for copy number analyses before start (baseline) with regorafenib and at defined time points during administration of regorafenib for treatment efficacy in colorectal cancer patients in terms of overall survival (OS).
Project description:IntroductionMany members of the Ophiostomatales are of economic importance as they are bark-beetle associates and causative agents for blue stain on timber and in some instances contribute towards tree mortality. The taxonomy of these fungi has been challenging due to the convergent evolution of many traits associated with insect dispersal and a limited number of morphological characters that happen to be highly pleomorphic. This study examines the mitochondrial genomes for three members of Leptographium sensu lato [Leptographium aureum (also known as Grosmannia aurea), Grosmannia fruticeta (also known as Leptographium fruticetum), and Leptographium sp. WIN(M)1376)].MethodsIllumina sequencing combined with gene and intron annotations and phylogenetic analysis were performed.ResultsSequence analysis showed that gene content and gene synteny are conserved but mitochondrial genome sizes were variable: G. fruticeta at 63,821 bp, Leptographium sp. WIN(M)1376 at 81,823 bp and L. aureum at 104,547 bp. The variation in size is due to the number of introns and intron-associated open reading frames. Phylogenetic analysis of currently available mitochondrial genomes for members of the Ophiostomatales supports currently accepted generic arrangements within this order and specifically supports the separation of members with Leptographium-like conidiophores into two genera, with L. aureum grouping with Leptographium and G. fruticeta aligning with Grosmannia.DiscussionMitochondrial genomes are promising sequences for resolving evolutionary relationships within the Ophiostomatales.
