Homo sapiens
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA245219 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:STAT2 is an essential transcription factor in type I interferon (IFN) signaling. STAT2 is activated following exposure to IFN stimulation by phosphorylation at tyrosine-690. This post-translational modification permits the assembly and nuclear retention of the ISGF3 complex (consisting of STAT1/STAT2/IRF9) to drive gene transcription. We recently identified STAT2 to be serine phosphorylated in an IFN-dependent manner. The biological significance of these novel phosphorylation events in STAT2 remain to be elucidated. Thus far our data show that serine phosphorylation of STAT2 negatively regulates the biological effects of IFN. In an effort to understand the scope of STAT2 serine phosphorylation in IFN signaling, we conducted comparative microarray analysis to identify a collection of genes that are regulated by phosphorylated Ser734-STAT2 vs. unphosphorylated S734-STAT2 after IFN treatment.
2015-10-01 | GSE57017 | GEO
Project description:Type-I (e.g. IFN-alpha, IFN-beta) and type-II IFNs (IFN-gamma) have antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. Both types of IFN signal through the Jak/STAT pathway to elicit antiviral activity, yet IFN-gamma is thought to do so only through STAT1 homodimers while type-I IFNs activate both STAT1- and STAT2-containing complexes such as ISGF3. Here we show that ISGF3II - composed of phosphorylated STAT1, unphosphorylated STAT2, and IRF9 - also plays a role in IFN-gamma-mediated antiviral activity in humans. Using phosphorylated STAT1 as a marker for IFN signaling, western blot analysis of IFN-alpha2a treated human A549 cells revealed that pSTAT1 (Y701) levels peaked at 1h, decreased by 6h, and remained at low levels for up to 48h. Cells treated with IFN-gamma showed a biphasic pSTAT1 response with an early peak at 1-2h and a second peak at 15-24h. Gene expression microarray following IFN-gamma treatment for 24h indicated an induction of antiviral genes that are induced by ISGF3 and associated with a type-1 IFN response. Induction of these genes by autocrine type-I and type-III IFN signaling was ruled out using neutralizing antibodies to these IFNs in biological assays and by qRT-PCR. Despite the absence of autocrine IFNs, IFN-gamma treatment induced formation of ISGF3II. This novel transcription factor complex binds to ISRE promoter sequences, as shown by ChIP analysis of the PKR promoter. STAT2 and IRF9 knockdown in A549 cells reversed IFN-gamma-mediated ISRE induction and antiviral activity - implicating ISGF3II formation as a significant component of the cellular response and biological activity of IFN-gamma. Two treatments using three biological replicates each were performed using three million A549 cells. Each was seeded overnight in 10mL complete RPMI and treated. Three were treated with alpha-IFN and three treated with gamma-IFN for 24h. Control samples were left untreated.
2011-01-19 | E-GEOD-25113 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We used an Illumina Gene Expression Array to understand in more detail how T387 phosphorylation affects ISG induction. mRNA preparations from U6A cells expressing wild-type or T387A STAT2, treated with IFN-β for 0, 4, 8, or 24 h, were analyzed.
2016-09-20 | GSE87090 | GEO
Project description:We used an Illumina Gene Expression Array to understand in more detail how T404 phosphorylation affects ISG induction. mRNA preparations from U6A cells expressing wild-type or T404A STAT2, treated with IFN-β for 0, 4, 8, or 24 h, were analyzed.
2019-02-15 | GSE126565 | GEO
Project description:Type I Interferons (IFN-I) mediate cellular responses to virus infection. IFN-I induce IFN stimulated gene (ISG) expression by phosphorylating STAT1 and STAT2, and together with interferon regulatory factor (IRF)9, form the transcription complex ISGF3 that binds to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in ISG promoters. As a component of ISGF3 it is clear that STAT2 plays an essential role in the transcriptional responses to IFN-I with a strong dependence on STAT1. Previously, we showed that STAT2 also forms homodimers that interact with IRF9 (STAT2-IRF9) to activate transcription of ISRE containing ISGs in response to IFN-I. Indeed, evidence is accumulating for the existence of a STAT1-independent IFN-I signaling pathway, where STAT2-IRF9 can substitute the role of ISGF3. Here, we provide further insight in the transcriptional regulation and the biological implications of STAT2-IRF9 dependent IFN-I signaling. In human STAT1 KO cells overexpressing human STAT2 (U3C-STAT2) we observed that in response to IFN-I STAT2 homodimers interact with IRF9 to regulate ISG transcription. The IFN-I-induced phosphorylation profile of STAT2 in U3C-STAT2 was prolonged as compared to WT cells (2fTGH), which corresponded with the expression pattern of OAS2 that also depended on IRF9. Subsequent microarray analysis of IFN-I treated 2fTGH and U3C-STAT2 extended our initial observations and identified more than 60 known antiviral ISGs commonly up-regulated in both cell types. The expression profile of these ISGs was delayed and prolonged in U3C-STAT2 as opposed to the early and transient response in 2fTGH. Moreover, U3C-STAT2 were able to restore an antiviral response upon EMCV and VSV infection that was comparable to the response in 2fTGH. Together, our results strongly suggest that an alternative IFN-I-mediated, STAT2-IRF9 dependent signaling pathway exists that can generate an antiviral response without STAT1 and could be beneficial for example against viruses that directly block STAT1 and impair the formation of ISGF3.
2015-09-10 | GSE48313 | GEO
Project description:Type I Interferons (IFN-I) mediate cellular responses to virus infection. IFN-I induces IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression by phosphorylating STAT1 and STAT2, and together with interferon regulatory factor (IRF9), form the transcription complex ISGF3 that binds to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in ISG promoters. As a component of ISGF3, it is clear that STAT2 plays an essential role in the transcriptional responses to IFN-I with a strong dependence on STAT1. Previously, we showed that STAT2 also forms homodimers that interact with IRF9 (STAT2-IRF9) to activate transcription of ISRE-containing ISGs in response to IFN-I. Indeed, evidence is accumulating for the existence of a STAT1-independent IFN-I signaling pathway, where STAT2-IRF9 can substitute the role of ISGF3. Here, we provide further insight in the transcriptional regulation and the biological implications of STAT2-IRF9 dependent IFN-I signaling. In human STAT1 KO cells overexpressing human STAT2 (U3C-STAT2), we observed that in response to IFN-I, STAT2 homodimers interact with IRF9 to regulate ISG transcription. The IFN-I-induced phosphorylation profile of STAT2 in U3C-STAT2 was prolonged as compared to WT cells (2fTGH), which corresponded with the expression pattern of OAS2 that also depended on IRF9. Subsequent microarray analysis of IFN-I treated 2fTGH and U3C-STAT2 extended our initial observations and identified more than 60 known antiviral ISGs commonly up-regulated in both cell types. The expression profile of these ISGs was delayed and prolonged in U3C-STAT2 as opposed to the early and transient response in 2fTGH. Moreover, U3C-STAT2 were able to restore an antiviral response upon EMCV and VSV infection that was comparable to the response in 2fTGH. Together, our results strongly suggest that an alternative IFN-I-mediated, STAT2-IRF9 dependent signaling pathway exists that can generate an antiviral response without STAT1 and could be beneficial for example against viruses that directly block STAT1 and impair the formation of ISGF3.
2015-09-10 | GSE49525 | GEO
Project description:STAT2 is an essential transcription factor in type I interferon (IFN) signaling. STAT2 mediates the antigrowth and apoptotic effects of IFN as demonstrated in cell lines thus leading to the hypothesis that STAT2 has tumor suppressor function. We used microarrays to identify genes in the tumors that are STAT2 dependent and important in anti-tumor immunity. B16-F1 melanoma tumor cells were implanted on the dorsal flank of either wild type (WT) or Stat2KO (S2KO). Tumor growth was monitored during the course of 3 weeks. S2KO mice developed larger tumors when compared to WT mice.
2014-08-17 | E-GEOD-56792 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Type-I (e.g. IFN-alpha, IFN-beta) and type-II IFNs (IFN-gamma) have antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. Both types of IFN signal through the Jak/STAT pathway to elicit antiviral activity, yet IFN-gamma is thought to do so only through STAT1 homodimers while type-I IFNs activate both STAT1- and STAT2-containing complexes such as ISGF3. Here we show that ISGF3II - composed of phosphorylated STAT1, unphosphorylated STAT2, and IRF9 - also plays a role in IFN-gamma-mediated antiviral activity in humans. Using phosphorylated STAT1 as a marker for IFN signaling, western blot analysis of IFN-alpha2a treated human A549 cells revealed that pSTAT1 (Y701) levels peaked at 1h, decreased by 6h, and remained at low levels for up to 48h. Cells treated with IFN-gamma showed a biphasic pSTAT1 response with an early peak at 1-2h and a second peak at 15-24h. Gene expression microarray following IFN-gamma treatment for 24h indicated an induction of antiviral genes that are induced by ISGF3 and associated with a type-1 IFN response. Induction of these genes by autocrine type-I and type-III IFN signaling was ruled out using neutralizing antibodies to these IFNs in biological assays and by qRT-PCR. Despite the absence of autocrine IFNs, IFN-gamma treatment induced formation of ISGF3II. This novel transcription factor complex binds to ISRE promoter sequences, as shown by ChIP analysis of the PKR promoter. STAT2 and IRF9 knockdown in A549 cells reversed IFN-gamma-mediated ISRE induction and antiviral activity - implicating ISGF3II formation as a significant component of the cellular response and biological activity of IFN-gamma.
2011-01-19 | GSE25113 | GEO
Project description:Transcriptional response of KBM7 cells to IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha was investigated in control or cells with genetrap insertions in JAK2 or TNFRS1A, respectively. The experiment shows that, as expected, cells lacking JAK2 or TNFRS1A expression display a severly blunted response to the tested cytokines. KBM7 genetrap mutant cells stimulated with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma Sample WT_1 corresponds with the control sample for the IFN-gamma stimulation; Sample WT_2 corresponds with the control sample for the TNF-alpha stimulation. As the expected differences between the samples was large, only single replicates were performed for each condition
2013-08-09 | E-GEOD-48848 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Type I interferons (IFN-I) are critical in antimicrobial and antitumor defense. Although IFN-I signal via the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex consisting of STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9, IFN-I can mediate significant biological effects via ISGF3-independent pathways. For example, absence of STAT1, STAT2 or IRF9 exacerbates neurological disease in transgenic mice with CNS-production of IFN-gamma. Here we determined the role of IFN-I-driven, ISGF3-independent signaling in regulating global gene expression in STAT1, STAT2 or IRF9-deficient murine mixed glial cell cultures (MGCs). Compared with WT, the expression of IFN-gamma-stimulated genes (ISGs) was reduced in number and magnitude in MGCs that lacked STAT1, STAT2 or IRF9. There were significantly fewer ISGs in the absence of STAT1 or STAT2 versus the absence of IRF9. The majority of ISGs regulated in the STAT1-, STAT2- or IRF9-deficient MGCs individually were shared with WT. However, only a minor number of ISGs were common to WT, STAT1-, STAT2- and IRF9-deficient MGCs. While signal pathway activation in response to IFN-gamma was rapid and transient in WT MGCs, this was delayed and prolonged and correlated with increased numbers of ISGs expressed at 12 h versus 4 h IFN-gamma exposure in all three IFN-I-signaling-deficient MGCs. In conclusion, (1) IFN-I can mediate ISG expression in MGCs via ISGF3-independent signaling pathways but with reduced efficiency, with delayed and prolonged kinetics and is more dependent on STAT1 and STAT2 than IRF9, and (2) signaling pathways not involving STAT1, STAT2 or IRF9 play a minor role only in mediating ISG expression in MGCs.
2017-02-15 | E-MTAB-5445 | biostudies-arrayexpress