Project description:To identify markers associated with inherent cellular sex-identity, we analysed macrophages from newly-hatched chicks. We found that male and female macrophages respond differently to stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and that female macrophages constitutively express higher levels of interferon target genes than male macrophages. Macrophages were collected from leg-bones of chickens between 1 and 3 days after hatch. Three pools of macrophage cells were made for male and female cultures. Cells were cultured in either standard medium or in medium containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to activate the macrophages. Macrophages were harvested and RNA collected for microarray analysis.
Project description:Simple Markov model.
There are 3 disease states: Healthy, Sick, and Dead, where the Dead state is terminal.
The yearly transition probabilities are:
Healthy to Dead: 0.01; Healthy to Sick: 0.2 for Male and 0.1 for Female; Sick to Healthy: 0.1; Sick to Dead: 0.3.
The transition probability now depends on the cohort (Male or Female) and can be expressed as a function of a Boolean covariate Male.
Initial conditions: Healthy = (50 Male, 50 Female), Sick = (0,0) and Dead = (0,0).
Output: Number of men and women in each disease state for years 1-10.
Project description:To identify markers associated with inherent cellular sex-identity, we analysed cultured macrophages from male and female chick embryos. We found that male and female macrophages respond differently to stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and that female macrophages constitutively express higher levels of interferon target genes than male macrophages. To determine whether these differences resulted from the actions of gonadal hormones, we induced gonadal sex-reversal to alter the hormonal environment of the developing chick and analysed different tissues and macrophages from male and female embryos.
Project description:To identify markers associated with inherent cellular sex-identity, we analysed macrophages from newly-hatched chicks. We found that male and female macrophages respond differently to stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and that female macrophages constitutively express higher levels of interferon target genes than male macrophages.
Project description:Model with functions depending on Age, Male, BP (Blood Pressure).
There are 3 disease states: Healthy, Sick, and Dead, where the Dead state is terminal. The yearly transition probabilities are: Healthy to Dead: Age/1000; Healthy to Sick: According to function F1 depending on Age and Male and BP; Sick to Healthy: 0.1; Sick to Dead: according to function F2 depending on Age and Male.
Pre-Transition Rules: Age increased by 1 and BP by Age/10 each simulation cycle. Post-Transition Rules: Treatment = BP>140 , becomes 1 when BP crosses 140 threshold; BP =BP-Treatment*10 , meaning a drop of 10 once treatment is applied; CostThisYear = Age + \Treatment*10 , cost depends on age and if treatment was taken; Cost= Cost + CostThisYear , it accumulates cost over time.
Initial conditions: Healthy = (50 Male, 50 Female with Age =1,2,...,50 for each individual), BP =120, Sick = (0,0) and Dead = (0,0).
Output: Number of men and women in each disease state for years 1-10 and their ages and costs in each state. A stratified report by male and female and young – up to age 30 and old above age 30 is produced.