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A relative shift in cloacal location repositions external genitalia in amniote evolution

ABSTRACT: A relative shift in cloacal location repositions external genitalia in amniote evolution

PROVIDER: PRJNA258129 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR1548550_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR1548550_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR1548560_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR1548560_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR1548570.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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A relative shift in cloacal location repositions external genitalia in amniote evolution

Project description:Comparative RNA-seq profiling of mouse and anole lizard developing limbs and external genitalia, to assess evolutionary and develomental relationships, between the two tissue types based on transcriptomic data RNA-seq profiling of embryonic limb and external genitalia tissue at different stages of development, in mouse and anole lizard, in duplicates, using Illumina HiSeq

2014-08-14 | E-GEOD-60373 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A relative shift in cloacal location repositions external genitalia in amniote evolution

2014-08-14 | GSE60373 | GEO

A relative shift in cloacal location repositions external genitalia in amniote evolution.

Project description:The move of vertebrates to a terrestrial lifestyle required major adaptations in their locomotory apparatus and reproductive organs. While the fin-to-limb transition has received considerable attention, little is known about the developmental and evolutionary origins of external genitalia. Similarities in gene expression have been interpreted as a potential evolutionary link between the limb and genitals; however, no underlying developmental mechanism has been identified. We re-examined this question using micro-computed tomography, lineage tracing in three amniote clades, and RNA-sequencing-based transcriptional profiling. Here we show that the developmental origin of external genitalia has shifted through evolution, and in some taxa limbs and genitals share a common primordium. In squamates, the genitalia develop directly from the budding hindlimbs, or the remnants thereof, whereas in mice the genital tubercle originates from the ventral and tail bud mesenchyme. The recruitment of different cell populations for genital outgrowth follows a change in the relative position of the cloaca, the genitalia organizing centre. Ectopic grafting of the cloaca demonstrates the conserved ability of different mesenchymal cells to respond to these genitalia-inducing signals. Our results support a limb-like developmental origin of external genitalia as the ancestral condition. Moreover, they suggest that a change in the relative position of the cloacal signalling centre during evolution has led to an altered developmental route for external genitalia in mammals, while preserving parts of the ancestral limb molecular circuitry owing to a common evolutionary origin.

| S-EPMC4294627 | biostudies-literature

Developmental and sexual dimorphic atlas of the prenatal mouse external genitalia at the single cell level

Project description:Before the onset of sexual differentiation, male and female external genitalia are morphologically indistinguishable. After the onset of sex-specific production of sex steroids by the gonads, the male and female external genitalia differentiate into either a penis or clitoris. Here we use single cell sequencing to investigate the similarities and differences of cell populations in the external genitalia during the critical sexual differentiation window in the mouse embryo. We found the male and female genitalia are largely similar in cell composition and gene expression at the bipotential stage of development. As sexual differentiation ensues, sex steroid-dependent and -independent differences in cell populations arise, leading to dimorphic establishment of the external genitalia.

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Genome-wide distribution of AR, Sp1, H3K27Ac, H3K4me1 in E16.5 embryonic external genitalia (eExG)

Project description:ChIP-seq analysis of AR, Sp1, H3K27Ac, and H3K4me1; The genime-wide distribution of AR, Sp1, H3K27Ac, and H3K4me1 druing murine embryonic external genitalia (eExG) sex differentiation was shown.

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Tgfbr1 controls developmental plasticity between the hindlimb and external genitalia by remodeling their regulatory landscape

Project description:The hindlimb and external genitalia of present-day tetrapods are thought to derive from an ancestral common primordium that evolved to generate a wide diversity of structures adapted for efficient locomotion and mating in the ecological niche conquered by the species. We show that despite long evolutionary distance from the ancestral condition, the early primordium of the mouse external genitalia preserved the capacity to take hindlimb fates. In the absence of Tgfbr1, the pericloacal mesoderm generates an extra pair of hindlimbs at the expense of the external genitalia. It has been shown that the hindlimb and the genital primordia share many of their key regulatory factors. Tgfbr1 controls the response to those factors acting in a pioneer-like mode to modulate the accessibility status of regulatory elements that control the gene regulatory networks leading to the formation of genital or hindlimb structures. Our work uncovers a remarkable tissue plasticity with potential implications in the evolution of the hindlimb/genital area of tetrapods, and identifies a novel mechanism for Tgfbr1 activity that might also contribute to the control of other physiological or pathological processes.

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Tgfbr1 controls developmental plasticity between the hindlimb and external genitalia by remodeling their regulatory landscape

Project description:Tgfbr1 controls developmental plasticity between the hindlimb and external genitalia by remodeling their regulatory landscape

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Multiphasic and tissue-specific roles of sonic hedgehog in cloacal septation and external genitalia development.

Project description:Malformations of the external genitalia are among the most common congenital anomalies in humans. The urogenital and anorectal sinuses develop from the embryonic cloaca, and the penis and clitoris develop from the genital tubercle. Within the genital tubercle, the endodermally derived urethral epithelium functions as an organizer and expresses sonic hedgehog (Shh). Shh knockout mice lack external genitalia and have a persistent cloaca. This identified an early requirement for Shh, but precluded analysis of its later role in the genital tubercle. We conducted temporally controlled deletions of Shh and report that Shh is required continuously through the onset of sexual differentiation. Shh function is divisible into two temporal phases; an anogenital phase, during which Shh regulates outgrowth and patterning of the genital tubercle and septation of the cloaca, and a later external genital phase, during which Shh regulates urethral tube closure. Disruption of Shh function during the anogenital phase causes coordinated anorectal and genitourinary malformations, whereas inactivation during the external genital phase causes hypospadias. Shh directs cloacal septation by promoting cell proliferation in adjacent urorectal septum mesenchyme. Additionally, conditional inactivation of smoothened in the genital ectoderm and cloacal/urethral endoderm shows that the ectoderm is a direct target of Shh and is required for urethral tube closure, highlighting a novel role for genital ectoderm in urethragenesis. Identification of the stages during which disruption of Shh results in either isolated or coordinated malformations of anorectal and external genital organs provides a new tool for investigating the etiology of anogenital malformations in humans.

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