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Bacterial Infection Remodels the DNA Methylation Landscape of Human Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT: Bacterial Infection Remodels the DNA Methylation Landscape of Human Dendritic Cells

PROVIDER: PRJNA270811 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR1725760.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR1725770.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR1725780.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR1725790.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR1725800.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Bacterial Infection Remodels the DNA Methylation Landscape of Human Dendritic Cells (wtRNA-Seq)

Project description:DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark thought to be robust to environmental perturbations on a short time scale. Here, we challenge that view by demonstrating that the infection of human dendritic cells with a live pathogenic bacteria is associated with rapid changes in methylation levels at thousands of loci. We performed an integrated analysis of data on genome-wide DNA methylation, histone mark patterns, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression, before and after infection. We found that infection-induced changes in methylation rarely occur at promoter regions and instead localize to distal enhancer elements. Active demethylation is associated with extensive epigenetic remodeling, including the gain of histone activation marks and the induction of enhancer RNAs, and is strongly predictive of changes in the expression levels of nearby genes. Collectively, our observations show that active, rapid changes in DNA methylation in enhancers play a previously unappreciated role in regulating the transcriptional response of immune cells to infection.

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Project description:DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark thought to be robust to environmental perturbations on a short time scale. Here, we challenge that view by demonstrating that the infection of human dendritic cells (DCs) with a live pathogenic bacteria is associated with rapid and active demethylation at thousands of loci, independent of cell division. We performed an integrated analysis of data on genome-wide DNA methylation, histone mark patterns, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression, before and after infection. We found that infection-induced demethylation rarely occurs at promoter regions and instead localizes to distal enhancer elements, including those that regulate the activation of key immune transcription factors. Active demethylation is associated with extensive epigenetic remodeling, including the gain of histone activation marks and increased chromatin accessibility, and is strongly predictive of changes in the expression levels of nearby genes. Collectively, our observations show that active, rapid changes in DNA methylation in enhancers play a previously unappreciated role in regulating the transcriptional response to infection, even in nonproliferating cells.

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Project description:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from buffy coats by Ficoll-Paque centrifugation. Blood monocytes were then purified from PBMCs by positive selection with magnetic CD14 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotech). Pure monocytes were cultured for 5 days in RPMI 1640 (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FCS (Dutscher), L-glutamine (Invitrogen), GM-CSF (20 ng/mL; Immunotools), and IL-4 (20 ng/mL; Immunotools). Cell cultures were fed every 2 days with complete medium supplemented with the cytokines previously mentioned. Before infection, we systematically checked the differentiation/activation status of the monocyte-derived DCs by flow cytometry, using antibodies against CD1a, CD14, CD83, and HLA-DR. Only samples presenting the expected phenotype for non-activated DCs – CD1a+, CD14-, CD83-, and HLA-DRlow – were used in downstream experiments. Dendritic cells (DCs) were infected with a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain expressing green-fluorescent protein (H37Rv) for 18 h at a multiplicity of infection of 1-to-1. Full details can be found in Barreiro et al. (2012).

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