Project description:Purpose: The recent publication of the fungal mutualist R. irregularis genome facilitated transcriptomic studies. We here adress the gene regulation of R. irregularis in response to root exudates from rice wild-type and osnope1 (no perception candidate - mutant unable to host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) Methods: Spores of R. irregularis were treated with root exudates and collected at 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days after addition. To monitor fungal gene regulation, control conditions were also prepared at T0, 1h, 24h and 7d. mRNA were sequenced by HiSeq Illumina. Reads were mapped on the Rhizophagus irregularis genome assembly (Gloin1 - Tisserant et al., PNAS, 2013) using CLCworkbench suite. Results: -At 1h, a set of 92 fungal genes were found up-regulated in response to wt root exudates (92), not to osnope1 root exudates, many of them being involved in cell signaling. -At 24h and 7d, numerous genes putatively involved in primary metabolism were up-regulated in response to wt root exudates, not in response to osnope1 root exudates -Several vital genes involved in cell development are repressed in response to osnope1 RE compared to wt RE. Conclusions: these results argue for a high metabolic activity induced by wt root exudates, not by osnope1 root exudates.
Project description:We report polyA+ mRNA profiles in a developmental assay where R. irregularis spores were exposed to either medium containing rice root-derived exudates or a mock nutrient medium. We report small RNA repertoires produced from R. irregularis spores using two different isolation techniques. We report the application of single-molecule-based DNA sequencing for profiling of CG methylation in untreated R. irregularis. spores.
Project description:Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is a predominant relationship between plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. To idendify arbuscular mycorrhiza responsive miRNAs, small RNA libraries were constructed in tomato roots colonized with Rhizophagus irregularis and without Rhizophagus irregularis. We identify miRNAs in tomato roots and provide a new profile of tomato miRNAs. And we found that some miRNAs were responsive to arbuscular mycorrhiza by comparing miRNAs in treatment with that in control. Examination of arbuscular mycorrhiza responsive miRNAs in tomato through high-throughput small RNA sequencing of roots with Rhizophagus irregularis and that without Rhizophagus irregularis
Project description:Purpose: The recent publication of the fungal mutualist R. irregularis genome facilitated transcriptomic studies. We here adress the gene regulation of R. irregularis in response to plant signals in the switch from asymbiotic to presymbiotic growth Methods: Spores of R. irregularis were treated with GR24 (strigolactone synthetic analog) and collected at 1 hour, 2 days, 7 days and 14 days after induction. To stimulate the fungus with root exudates, a cellophane membrane allowing molecule exchanges was deposited on in vitro Daucus carotta roots. Spores were spotted on this membrane and collected 14 days after. To monitor fungal gene regulation, control conditions were also prepared and mRNA were sequenced by HiSeq Illumina. Read were mapped on the genome assembly with CLCworkbench Results: At 1 hour, GR24 triggered the overexpression (fold change >2; FDR<0,05) of 123 genes and the repression (fold change < -2; FDR<0,05) of 17 genes. At 2 days, 33 genes were induced, 13 repressed ; at 7 days 106 genes were induced and 13 repressed and at 14 days 19 genes were induced and 10 repressed. Few genes overlap between the different time point. Root exudates induced 251 genes and repressed 63 genes. Few genes were regulated by both GR24 and root exudates. Conclusions: GR24 kinetic showed that fungal gene regulation is sequential, quick and involves hundreds of genes. Among those genes, a chitin synthase, involved either in fungal growth either in symbiotic signal production was strongly induced at 1hour, 7 days and 14 days. As few genes are regulated in response to root exudates and GR24, we propose that other plant signals play a role in ealy steps and trigger fungal gene regulation. Several genes coding for putative secreted peptides were induced in response to these plant signals. These genes might be effectors involved in early plant defense manipulation, then facilitating root entry. Thus, they are good candidates to investigate early steps of plant penetration.
Project description:Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is a predominant relationship between plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. To idendify arbuscular mycorrhiza responsive miRNAs, small RNA libraries were constructed in tomato roots colonized with Rhizophagus irregularis and without Rhizophagus irregularis. We identify miRNAs in tomato roots and provide a new profile of tomato miRNAs. And we found that some miRNAs were responsive to arbuscular mycorrhiza by comparing miRNAs in treatment with that in control.
Project description:ngs2021_19_rhizophagus-responses of maize to the arbuscular fungus rhizophagus irregularis mitigate n deficiency stress-What is the impact of Rhizophagus irregularis on maize transcriptome under different N nutrition conditions, what is the impact of N on R. irregularis transcriptome in maize roots.-After 4 days of germination, maize seeds were sown in pots filled with sterile mix 1:1 clay beads:unfertilized peat. Inoculation performed in 3 times with Rhizohphagus irregularis spores purchased at Agronutrition. First inoculation perfomed with 500 spores/plant at sowing. Two other incoulations performed the following week and 2 weeks later with 100 spore per plant each.